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排序方式: 共有161条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Tuck Fatt Siew Thomas Aenis Joachim H. Spangenberg Alexandra Nauditt Petra Döll Sina K. Frank Lars Ribbe Beatriz Rodriguez-Labajos Christian Rumbaur Josef Settele Jue Wang 《Sustainability Science》2016,11(5):813-829
Transdisciplinary research (TDR) aims at identifying implementable solutions to difficult sustainability problems and at fostering social learning. It requires a well-managed collaboration among multidisciplinary scientists and multisectoral stakeholders. Performing TDR is challenging, particularly for foreign researchers working in countries with different institutional and socio-cultural conditions. There is a need to synthesize and share experience among researchers as well as practitioners regarding how TDR can be conducted under specific contexts. In this paper, we aim to evaluate and synthesize our unique experience in conducting TDR projects in Asia. We applied guiding principles of TDR to conduct a formative evaluation of four consortium projects on sustainable land and water management in China, the Philippines, and Vietnam. In all projects, local political conditions restricted the set of stakeholders that could be involved in the research processes. The set of involved stakeholders was also affected by the fact that stakeholders in most cases only participate if they belong to the personal network of the project leaders. Language barriers hampered effective communication between foreign researchers and stakeholders in all projects and thus knowledge integration. The TDR approach and its specific methods were adapted to respond to the specific cultural, social, and political conditions in the research areas, also with the aim to promote trust and interest of the stakeholders throughout the project. Additionally, various measures were implemented to promote collaboration among disciplinary scientists. Based on lessons learned, we provide specific recommendations for the design and implementation of TDR projects in particular in Asia. 相似文献
102.
Pokorná Petra Leoni Cecilia Schwarz Jaroslav Ondráček Jakub Ondráčková Lucie Vodička Petr Zíková Naděžda Moravec Pavel Bendl Jan Klán Miroslav Hovorka Jan Zhao Yongjing Cliff Steven S. Ždímal Vladimír Hopke Philip K. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38631-38643
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic with its capital city Ostrava is a European air pollution hot spot for airborne particulate matter... 相似文献
103.
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - 相似文献
104.
105.
Liang Li McKenzie Hale Petra Olsen Nicole D. Berge 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(11):2185-2195
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermal conversion process that can be an environmentally beneficial approach for the conversion of municipal solid wastes to value-added products. The influence of using activated sludge and landfill leachate as initial moisture sources during the carbonization of paper, food waste and yard waste over time at 250 °C was evaluated. Results from batch experiments indicate that the use of activated sludge and landfill leachate are acceptable alternative supplemental liquid sources, ultimately imparting minimal impact on carbonization product characteristics and yields. Regression results indicate that the initial carbon content of the feedstock is more influential than any of the characteristics of the initial liquid source and is statistically significant when describing the relationship associated with all evaluated carbonization products. Initial liquid-phase characteristics are only statistically significant when describing the solids energy content and the mass of carbon in the gas-phase. The use of these alternative liquid sources has the potential to greatly increase the sustainability of the carbonization process. A life cycle assessment is required to quantify the benefits associated with using these alternative liquid sources. 相似文献
106.
Trevor McIntyre Horst Bornemann Joachim Plötz Cheryl A. Tosh Marthán N. Bester 《Marine Biology》2011,158(9):2125-2139
The at-sea behaviour of marine top predators provides valuable insights into the distribution of prey species and strategies
used by predators to exploit patchily distributed resources. We describe the water column usage and dive strategies of female
southern elephant seals from Marion Island tracked between 2004 and 2008. Dives representing increases in forage effort were
identified using a method that combines dive type analyses and the calculation of relative amounts of time that animals spend
in the bottom phases of dives. Results from this analysis indicate that female elephant seals from Marion Island tend to display
lower levels of forage effort closer to the island and display intensive opportunistic forage bouts that occur at a minimum
distance of approximately 215 km from the island. Females from Marion Island dived deeper and for longer periods of time,
compared to females from other populations. Most animals displayed positive diel vertical migration, evidently foraging pelagically
on vertically migrating prey. A few animals displayed periods of reverse (negative) diel vertical migration, however, diving
to deeper depths at night, compared to daytime. This behaviour is difficult to explain and prey species targeted during such
periods unknown. Our results illustrate plasticity in foraging behaviour of southern elephant seals, as well as inter-population
differences in forage strategies. 相似文献
107.
最近珊瑚礁引人注目的漂白事件加强了环境监测的必要性.遥感是珊瑚礁监测的重要组成部分,现场观测的非常有价值的补充.本文探讨了目前高分辨率卫星测绘和监测珊瑚礁的可能性和局限性.具有当今最佳的空间和辐射测量分辨率的传感器,如IKONOS,可用于测绘和监测珊瑚礁,但是对于全球调查而言,它们的成本太高了.然而,我们的珊瑚漂白研究表明,即使从分辨率较低的卫星上,如Landsat、SPOT、IRS等,也可以探测到大面积漂白.从空间和专题的观点来看,它们也可用于较粗放的全球测绘和更新的目的.较详细的监测需要比当今传感器更好的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率.将来,有必要制造更专门针对珊瑚礁的、具有一些专门选定的窄波段和较好的空间、辐射测量及时间分辨率的传感器. 相似文献
108.
Assessing river flood risk and adaptation in Europe—review of projections for the future 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz Nicola Lugeri Rutger Dankers Yukiko Hirabayashi Petra Döll Iwona Pińskwar Tomasz Dysarz Stefan Hochrainer Piotr Matczak 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(7):641-656
Flood damages have exhibited a rapid upward trend, both globally and in Europe, faster than population and economic growth.
Hence, vigorous attempts of attribution of changes have been made. Flood risk and vulnerability tend to change over many areas,
due to a range of climatic and nonclimatic impacts whose relative importance is site-specific. Flooding is a complex phenomenon
and there are several generating mechanisms, among others intense and/or long-lasting precipitation, snowmelt, ice jam. Projected
climate-driven changes in future flood frequency are complex, depending on the generating mechanism, e.g., increasing flood
magnitudes where floods result of heavy rainfall and possibly decreasing magnitudes where floods are generated by spring snowmelt.
Climate change is likely to cause an increase of the risk of riverine flooding across much of Europe. Projections of flood
hazard in Europe based on climatic and hydrological models, reviewed in this paper, illustrate possible changes of recurrence
of a 100-year flood (with probability of exceedance being 1-in-100 years) in Europe. What used to be a 100-year flood in the
control period is projected to become either more frequent or less frequent in the future time horizon of concern. For a large
part of the continent, large flooding is projected to become more commonplace in future, warmer climate. Due to the large
uncertainty of climate projections, it is currently not possible to devise a scientifically-sound procedure for redefining
design floods (e.g. 100-year flood) in order to adjust flood defenses. For the time being, we recommend to adjust design floods
using a “climate change factor” approach. 相似文献
109.
Petra Souter 《Marine Biology》2010,157(4):875-885
A total of 43 colonies of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis from lagoonal and reef slope sites in the western Indian Ocean (WIO) region were genetically characterised at one nuclear
and two mitochondrial sequence markers and six microsatellite loci. Both mitochondrial and microsatellite data support the
existence of two reciprocally monophyletic clusters (F- and NF-types) and provide evidence of the existence of two cryptic
species of P. damicornis on reefs in WIO region and put current morphological delineation and geographical boundaries of P. damicornis and Pocillopora molokensis into question. The results add to ongoing studies on the phylogeny and phylogeography within the genus Pocillopora, which all point towards a range of unresolved morphological and molecular species boundaries. Nuclear phylogenies derived
from the present and previously published sequences show evidence for incomplete lineage sorting and/or introgressive hybridisation
between Pocillopora morphospecies. However, the two WIO types largely remain in separate clusters, further supporting the theory that these represent
two different species. 相似文献
110.
Petra Quillfeldt Juan F. Masello Paul Brickle Dominik Martin-Creuzburg 《Marine Biology》2011,158(8):1805-1813
In diet analyses of seabirds, fatty acid signatures (FAS) can be used to overcome biases due to differential digestion of
prey and enable the analysis of very digested diet samples. We applied FAS analysis to stomach contents of a small sub-Antarctic
seabird, the Thin-billed Prion Pachyptila belcheri, which feeds mainly on squid during incubation and on crustacea during chick rearing. This seasonal dietary switch of Thin-billed
prions was reflected in differences in FAS in regurgitates, as were inter-annual differences in diet composition. A discriminant
function analysis correctly classified 93.4% of cases with respect to year (2006–2008) and stage of the breeding cycle (incubation
versus chick rearing). The dominant types of crustacea in the diet of Thin-billed prions (amphipods Themisto gaudichaudii, euphausiids, decapods Munida gregaria, and calanoid copepods) were distinguished well by characteristic FAS patterns. However, the FAS of the two main types of
prey by volume, amphipods T. gaudichaudii and squid Gonatus antarcticus, were similar to each other. Although FAS were successfully applied in the analysis of prey in stomach contents of prions,
FAS of some prey species were similar and may not be distinguishable from each other if used in quantitative diet analyses. 相似文献