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291.
Valérie Desjardin Rémy Bayard Philippe Lejeune Rémy Gourdon 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(3):153-160
Chromium is a heavy metal used in various industrial sectors. Improper handling and storage of chromium-laden effluents or wastes can lead to the pollution of the environment. The most toxic form is the more mobile one: hexavalent chromium Cr(VI). The reduction of Cr(VI) results in the immobilisation of chromium into its less toxic trivalent form Cr(III). This phenomenon may prevent the contamination of groundwater when the soil in the vadose zone is contaminated. Many bacteria have been isolated from contaminated soils and described to reduce Cr(VI) into Cr(III). A new Cr(VI)-reducing strain, identified as a Streptomyces thermocarboxydus,has been isolated and studied in our laboratories for its ability to reduce Cr(VI). This aerobic bacterium, in contrast to other genera described which mediate reduction via enzymes, produces reducing agents into the culture supernatants. Cr(VI) reduction by these substances is accelerated by the presence of small concentration of cupric ions (Cu2+). The reducing agent(s) can be easily recovered from the bacterial cultures and used as cell-free solution to treat contaminated soils by an in situ or ex situ processes. 相似文献
292.
Marie Maud Bear Delphine Mallarde Valérie Langlois Solo Randriamahefa Odile Bouvet Philippe Guerin 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1999,7(4):179-184
Sixteen Pseudomonas strains have been tested with a view to developing medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates. Four strains were selected and it is shown that their ability for producing three different polyesters with variable properties was dependent on the strains and substrates. Otherwise, Pseudomonas oleovorans was grown on a mixture of sodium octanoate and undecenoate salts at a 90/10 mol/mol ratio. The corresponding copolymer, bearing lateral double bonds, was chemically modified in the carboxy group. Finally, the ability to tailor-make functional bacterial polyesters aimed at temporary therapeutic applications is demonstrated. 相似文献
293.
POTE John HALLER Laurence KOTTELAT R′egis SASTRE Vincent ARPAGAUS Philippe WILDI Walter 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(1):62-69
The aims of this study was to investigate the persistence and the growth of culturable bacterial indicators (CBI) including total
coliforms (TC) and faecal coliforms represented by Escherichia coli, enterococcus (ENT), and aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) in
the surface sediments and the water column of Vidy Bay (Lake Geneva, City of Lausanne, Switzerland). The study was carried out for
60 d using microcosms containing Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) e uent and nonsterile water without CBI, as well as contaminated
and non-contaminated sediments. The e ects of water temperature and of organic matter associated with sediments on the survival of
CBI in the sediments and the water column were observed. The number of CBI colonies in the contaminated sediments of Vidy Bay and
in the STP e uent was almost identical in the order of 105–107, 104–106, 103–105, and 104–107 CFU/100 g sediment or /100 mL water
for TC, E. coli, ENT, and AMB respectively. A degradation of CBI was observed in the sediments where organic mater content was
low and in the water column at a temperature of 10°C after 5 d of experimentation. In addition, a growth of CBI was observed in the
sediment which is rich in organic matter at 20°C. The results of this study indicate: (1) the higher concentrations of the CBI observed
in di erent points in the water column of Vidy Bay may not be explained only by the recent contribution of the three potential sources
of the Bay contamination including STP and the Chamberonne and Flon Rivers, but also by the persistence, removal from sediment
and multiplication of CBI in the sediment and water column; (2) the sediment of Vidy Bay constitute a reservoir of CBI and can even
support their growth; and (3) the CBI not only survive in sediments, but also can be remobilized and increased in the water column,
therefore, it become a permanent microbiological pollution in Vidy Bay. 相似文献
294.
KHADRO Basm NAMOUR Philippe BESSUEILLE Franc?ois LEONARD Didier JAFFREZIC-RENAULT Nicole 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(4):545-551
This article describes a conductometric bi-layer based bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as a marker of organic matter
in rivers. Proteins were chosen to be used as indicators of urban pollution. The working mechanism of the bienzyme biosensor is based
on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins into several fractions (peptides and amino acids), which results in a local conductivity change
depending of the concentration of proteins. In this work, we began with the optimization of biosensor response using bovine serum
albumin (BSA) as standard protein. For this objective seven enzymatic biosensors were prepared: four enzymatic sensors with only one
layer of enzyme (proteinase K, trypsin, pronase or protease X) and three other enzymatic sensors with two layers (first layer: membrane
containing proteinase K; second layer: one of the three other enzymes: trypsin, pronase or protease X). The biosensors were obtained
through the deposition of enzymatic layers and the cross-linking process between enzymes and BSA in saturated glutaraldehyde vapour.
The response of the various biosensors, described previously, were compared with the values of total organic carbon (TOC), and those of
organic nitrogen (Norg), as determined by the laboratory accredits (CEMAGREF of Lyon) using the traditional method of analysis (NF
EN 1484, infrared spectroscopy) and (NF EN 25663, mineralization/colorimetry assay) respectively for each water sample obtained
from di erent sites in Lyon (France). The linear correlations obtained with the response of the seven biosensors showed the most
important indices of correlations for the biosensor with two enzymatic layers: proteinase K + pronase (pkp). The optimum conditions
for the preparation of the pkp biosensor increased the sensitivity and gave a limit of quantification of 0.583 g/L for TOC and 0.218
g/L for Norg in water samples. This sensor shows good reproducibility (2.28%), a capacity to be used at temperatures range 10–
30°C (depending on the season) and moreover a long lifetime (5 weeks). 相似文献
295.
Philippe Houzé 《生态毒理学报》2004,26(1):31-35
自2000年以来,Monoprix公司一直为可持续发展的活动而奔走,并将此作为集团公司的战略方向之一从可持续发展还不是很清晰的时候,作为消费者和生产者之间的媒介,Monoprix公司就使其对客户的行为更为负责任.编制"理想城市市场"的志向在于,这些商店体现了可持续发展的价值,还体现了 Monoprix公司已经成为在城市中心的可持续商业的标志. 相似文献
296.
Natal site and offshore swimming influence fitness and long-distance ocean transport in young sea turtles 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Nathan F. Putman Rebecca Scott Philippe Verley Robert Marsh Graeme C. Hays 《Marine Biology》2012,159(10):2117-2126
Although long-distance transport of marine organisms is constrained by numerous oceanic and biological factors, some species have evolved life-histories reliant on such movements. We examine the factors that promote long-distance transport in a transoceanic migrant, young loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), from the southeastern U.S. Empirical data from near-surface buoys and simulations in two ocean circulation models indicated that passive drifters are often retained for long periods shoreward of oceanic fronts that delineate coastal and offshore waters. Further simulations revealed that offshore swimming aided newly hatched turtles in moving past fronts and increased turtles’ probability of survival, reaching distant foraging grounds, and encountering favorable temperatures. Swimming was most beneficial in regions that were more favorable under scenarios assuming passive drift. These results have broad implications for understanding the movement processes of many marine species, highlighting likely retention of more planktonic species and potential for dispersal in more nektonic species. 相似文献
297.
Carolina Giraldo Patrick Mayzaud Eric Tavernier Jean-Olivier Irisson Florian Penot Jonathan Becciu Amélie Chartier Marc Boutoute Philippe Koubbi 《Marine Biology》2013,160(4):877-887
Pleuragramma antarcticum is a key component of the neritic assemblages in the Antarctic coastal waters. Larvae of this species were sampled from 2008 to 2011 in the Dumont d’Urville Sea (East Antarctica). The lipid class composition [triacylglycerols (TAG), cholesterol (Chol) and polar lipids (PL)] of larvae was measured to assess the larval condition. The total amount of lipids was linearly related to the quantity of structural polar lipids, suggesting that growth is favored over lipid storage. The TAG:Chol ratio showed interannual variability in the condition of fish larvae, probably related to prey availability. Nevertheless, the essential fatty acids composition of polar lipids illustrates that larvae with low levels of TAG:Chol could be either growing or under starvation. Only the combination of a low TAG:Chol ratio and low polar lipids content, which can also be mobilized during starvation periods, allowed identification of larvae in poor condition. This lipid condition index should be of great assistance to evaluate the probability of survival of P. antarcticum larvae in long-term monitoring. It has widespread applicability and should also be useful in the diagnosis of nutritional condition in other species. 相似文献
298.
Julie Hermans Catherine Borremans Philippe Willenz Luc André Philippe Dubois 《Marine Biology》2010,157(6):1293-1300
The skeletal Mg/Ca ratio of echinoderms is known to increase with temperature but the relation has never been established
in controlled experimental conditions. The present study investigated the effect of temperature, salinity and growth rate
on Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in calcite skeletons of juvenile sea urchins grown in experimental conditions. Mg/Ca ratio was positively
related to temperature, increasing until a plateau at high but field occurring temperatures. It was not linked to salinity
nor growth rate. We suggest that this plateau is due to properties of the organic matrix of mineralization and recommend to
take it into account for the use of Mg/Ca as proxy of seawater Mg/Ca. Skeletal Sr/Ca ratio was mainly dependent on temperature
and growth rate, as usually observed in calcite skeletons. 相似文献
299.
Jean-Claude Dutay Julien Emile-Geay Daniele Iudicone Philippe Jean-Baptiste Gurvan Madec Claire Carouge 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2010,10(1-2):257-273
There is ongoing controversy as to the dynamical significance of geothermal heat flow in shaping the abyssal circulation. In this paper, we gauge the impact of geothermal heating and vertical mixing parameterizations in the general circulation model OPA. The experiments are evaluated by comparing simulated mantle 3He with observations collected during the GEOSECS and WOCE programs. This tracer is particularly adapted to the validation of our numerical simulations because its injection into the ocean interior is tightly linked to geothermal processes. In agreement with previous studies, the model circulation is found very sensitive to the parameterization of the vertical mixing. The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is globally intensified when moving from a constant mixing to a version with enhanced mixing near the ocean bottom, with the most drastic variation observed for AABW (+ 50%). Adding the geothermal heat flux mainly affects AABW circulation in the model, enhancing it all the more as the meridional circulation is slow (low vertical mixing), but proportionally less so when it is more vigorous (enhanced vertical mixing). This can be understood from the requirement of the abyssal ocean to maintain heat balance. The evaluation with mantle 3He simulations reveals that the version with low vertical mixing, with its sluggish circulation, produces unrealistically high a 3He isotopic composition. However, with a vertical mixing that is enhanced at depth, the 3He distribution falls within an acceptable range of values in the deep ocean. Finally, adding the geothermal heating to this enhanced mixing case provides a substantial improvement of the simulation of AABW in all basins but the Indian Ocean. 3He isotopic composition is then in good agreement with the observations. Taken jointly with observational estimates of the MOC intensity, these independent isotopic constraints suggest that both geothermal heating and enhanced diapycnal mixing at depth are key ingredients in the realistic simulation of abyssal circulation. 相似文献
300.
Marius Murariu Anne-Laure Dechief Yoann Paint Sophie Peeterbroeck Leila Bonnaud Philippe Dubois 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(4):932-943
To evaluate the potential of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as nanofiller for polylactide (PLA), various nanocomposites have been successfully produced by melt-blending the polyester matrix with HNT (HNT(QM)). HNT were also surface treated by silanization reaction with 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPM). The morphology, thermal, tensile and impact strength properties of the nanocomposites containing 3?C12?% HNT were evaluated and compared to those of pristine (unfilled) PLA. The nanocomposites were characterized by higher rigidity (with Young??s modulus increasing with HNT loading), higher tensile strength (about 70?MPa at 6?% HNT(QM)), whereas the elongation at break and impact strength did not decrease. As demonstrated under dynamic solicitation (DMA), melt-blending PLA with HNT led to enhancement of storage modulus (E??) and offers the possibility to use PLA in applications requiring higher temperatures of utilization. However, with few exceptions, TGA and DSC measurements did not reveal important changes of thermal parameters. The surface silanization treatment proved to improve the quality of the nanofiller dispersion even at higher loading. As a result, good thermal stability associated to high tensile strength, and noticeable increases in impact properties were recorded. Furthermore, enhanced nucleating ability and crystallization kinetics of the PLA matrix were revealed as specific characteristics. 相似文献