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91.
Foraging desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis, encounter different sequences of visual landmarks while navigating by path integration. This paper explores the question whether the storage of landmark information depends on the context in which the landmarks are learned during an ant's foraging journey. Two experimental set-ups were designed in which the ants experienced an artificial landmark panorama that was placed either around the nest entrance (nest marks) or along the vector route leading straight towards the feeder (route marks). The two training paradigms resulted in pronounced differences in the storage characteristics of the acquired landmark information: memory traces of nest marks were much more robust against extinction and/or suppression than those of route marks. In functional terms, this result is in accord with the observation that desert ants encounter new route marks during every foraging run but always pass the same landmarks when approaching the nest entrance. 相似文献
92.
Population differences in anti-predator behaviour have been demonstrated in several species, although less is known about the genetic basis of these traits. To determine the extent of genetic differences in boldness (defined as exploration of a novel object) and shoaling within and between zebrafish (Danio rerio) populations, and to examine the genetic basis of shoaling behaviour in general, we carried out a study that involved laboratory-raised fish derived from four wild-caught populations. Controlling for differences in rearing environment, significant inter-population differences were found in boldness but not shoaling. A larger shoaling experiment was also performed using one of the populations as the basis of a North Carolina type II breeding design (174 fish in total) to estimate heritability of shoaling tendency. A narrow-sense heritability estimate of 0.40 was obtained, with no apparent dominance effects. 相似文献
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M.?A.?de?FigueiredoEmail author D.?M.?Reiner H.?J.?Herzog 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(4):647-657
This paper examines how legal standards of liability may apply to geologic carbon storage. The liability regime governing
geologic carbon storage will shape the technology's cost-effectiveness and overall attractiveness. We classify potential sources
of liability into operational, in situ, and climate liability. As a first step, we explore in situ liability in the United States. After summarizing legal standards of liability including negligence, breach of implied warranty,
strict liability, and product liability, we discuss how liability may be addressed at the level of the federal government,
state government, industry, and the firm. Finally, we address the implications of judicial treatment of liability for carbon
storage, including the apportionment of liability and the adequacy of current regulations. 相似文献
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华电潍坊发电有限公司通过不断探索改造,利用成熟技术,解决了原蒸汽吹灰系统长期投用的问题,并发挥了较好的吹灰效果.吹灰器改造后的试验报告,验证了投用波吹灰器对提高锅炉效率和锅炉安全性能有明显作用,在同类型机组上具有较强的推广意义. 相似文献
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生态旅游是一种符合可持续发展的旅游形式,可持续发展旅游业不仅保护环境,保护旅游资源,还为旅游业的后续开发提供条件。分析了大理生态旅游的现状及其存在的问题,提出了相应的对策措施。 相似文献
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