三峡水库入库溪流中麦氏花翅蜉(蜉蝣目:四节蜉科)的生活史研究

开展水生昆虫生长过程研究对掌握研究区域水生生物的生物学特征和研究区域生态环境状况等均具有重要作用,可为构建和完善研究区域河流生态环境保护体系提供科学参考。于2017年逐月对香溪河库湾入库支流(螃蟹溪)中的一种水生昆虫——麦氏花翅蜉(Baetiella macani)的种群进行了研究,基于大小频率法、幼虫期有效积温条件进行了生活史性状分析和验证。结果显示:麦氏花翅蜉为三化性昆虫,包含一个冬季世代和两个夏季世代。冬季世代幼虫的发育历期为3~4个月,所需有效积温为1 286 ℃;夏季世代幼虫的发育历期为1~2个月,所需有效积温为757 ℃。研究结果丰富了中国地区水生昆虫的生活史性状信息,并首次呈现了花翅蜉属的生活史特征。     

Volatilization of heavy metals during incineration of municipal solid wastes

Incineration experiments with MSW, which had been impregnated with heavy metals, were presented to obtain information on the volatilization behavior of the elements cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) under different conditions. Experiments were carried out in a bubbling fluid bed system connected to a customized inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES) for analyzing metals in the flue gas. The results indicated that the combustion temperature, the gas atmosphere, and the chlorine content in the flue gas could affect the volatilization behavior of heavy metals. In the fluidized bed combustion, a large surface area was provided by the bed sand particles, and they may act as absorbents for the gaseous ash-forming compound. Comparer with the metals Cd and Pb, the vaporization of Zn was low. The formation of stable compounds such as ZnO.Al2O3 could greatly decrease the metals volatilization. The presence of chlorine would enhance the volatilization of heavy metals by increasing the formation of metal chlorides. However, when the oxygen content was high, the chlorinating reaction was kinetically hindered, which heavy metals release would be delayed.     

Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.     

Stabilization effects of surplus soft clay with cement and GBF slag

Utilization of industrial waste and surplus construction soft clay as construction material was recommended, and many attempts at geotechnical waste utilization were undertaken. This study aimed at the application of cement and a kind of industrial wastes, i.e. granulated blast furnace slag, on stabilization of surplus soft clay. The results showed that the cement and slag can successfully stabilize Ariake clays even though this high organic clay fails to be stabilized by lime and cement. Addition of slag in cement for stabilization induces higher strength than cement alone for longer curing time. The application of the cement with slag is more suitable than cement alone for stabilization because of economical consideration.     

HCFCs和HFCs对流层寿命的预测

利用Ｃ－Ｈ键的Ｍｕｌｌｉｋｏｎ键重叠布局数，对甲烷的不完全氟氯取代物的对流层寿命用公式作了计算。对传统的人工神经网络法－反向传递算法作了改进。在电荷这一量化参数基础上，用ＡＮＮ法对一碳和二碳的ＨＣＦＣｓ和ＨＦＣｓ的对流层寿命作了预测。     

湖南省工业领域碳减排与空气质量改善协同

气候变暖和空气污染是我国当前面临的主要环境问题.综合使用中国碳核算数据库、能源经济模型和空气质量模型,研究我国湖南省工业领域潜在碳达峰路径及其空气质量协同改善增益.基于中国碳核算数据库和相关工业/能源统计年鉴分析指出,湖南省2019年CO₂排放总量为310.6 Mt,其中工业领域排放占比超70%,主要来自于电力、蒸汽、热力的生产和供应业,非金属矿物制品业及黑色金属的冶炼和压延业等行业.综合考虑未来各工业行业经济增长速率、能源技术进步程度和能源结构优化调整等因素,使用LEAP能源经济模型设置并分析了3种潜在的工业碳达峰情景,包括趋势照常情景（2030年达峰）、中度减排情景（2028年达峰）和强化减排情景（2025年达峰）.进一步结合人为源大气污染物排放清单和区域空气质量模型WRF-Chem,以排放行业-部门的同源对应关系为桥梁,模拟分析不同碳达峰路径下空气质量改善响应.结果指出,在3种碳达峰情景中,主要大气污染物浓度均有所降低,长株潭地区尤为显著;强化减排情景力度最大,中度减排情景次之,趋势照常情景相对最弱.制造业减污降碳的协同效果最佳,在不同情景实现碳达峰时,可分别减少ρ（PM_2.5）和ρ（PM₁₀）年均值0.6~1.8 μg·m^-3和1.8~8.9 μg·m^-3.研究可为国家和区域的减污降碳协同实践提供参考和决策依据.     

南昌典型园林树种燃烧性实验研究

选择南昌西郊和北郊12个园林树种不同器官理化性状测定分析和燃烧试验,根据各树种的含水率、燃点、热值、粗灰分、粗脂肪、木质素、粗纤维、燃烧时间、火烧强度和生物生态学特性等10个因子,应用DPS聚类分析法,对12个园林树种的燃烧性进行了排序,结果表明,难燃树种有5个,依次是：乐昌含笑、珊瑚树、大叶黄杨、白玉兰和海桐;较难燃树种有4个,依次是：女贞、山茶、夹竹桃和含笑;易燃树种有3个,依次是：桂花、巴东木连和红花檵木。为南方防火林带的建设提供了目前公认以外的防火树种。     

论上海全球城市建设

全球化正在导致城市与区域的空间重构。伴随世界经济增长重心向亚太地区转移,产生新的全球城市将成为亚太地区城市发展的特征之一。中国正成为东亚地区增长最快、经济最具活力的地区之一,上海则极有希望崛起成为一个重要的全球城市。首先总结了全球城市的特征,并简要从国际资本流、国际贸易、跨国公司总部、金融业及高级生产者服务业、国际交通通讯信息平台等方面分析得出上海已具全球城市雏形,同时也指出了其与主要全球城市的差距;在此基础上,阐述了上海为建设全球城市而必须进行的调整与转型,主要包括产业结构重构和转移、社会结构转型、城市空间扩展等方面;最后提出了上海全球城市的建设目标,即建成全球制造业管理中心、全球交通中心、全球交易中心。     

基于3D体外培养模型的化学物质肝毒性预测研究进展

精准预测化学物质肝毒性对保护人类生命健康安全具有重要意义。为了避免动物实验固有的物种间差异性和局限性,开发和利用与人源肝脏生理功能直接相关的体外模型至关重要。三维(3D)体外细胞培养模型相比于二维(2D)模型能更好地保留肝细胞代谢功能,再现肝脏内多种细胞相互作用的复杂环境,是体外模拟肝脏生理功能的一大进步,并初步在药物毒性评估方面获得应用的同时,也被引入到环境毒理学领域用于预测环境化学物质的肝毒性。本文介绍了目前常用3D体外细胞培养模型的制备方法,综述了其在环境化学物质(纳米材料、持久性有机污染物和新型有机污染物等)肝毒性预测方面的应用现状,最后探讨了3D肝细胞体外培养模型在有害结局路径指导下开展肝毒性预测的研究与应用前景。     

Removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions by residual sludge and its biochars

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from water solutions are critical for energy and environmental security. In this study, hydrochar at 100,...