Effect of binary combination of deltamethrin+MGK-264 on the levels of phospholipid and lipid peroxidation in the snail Lymnaea acuminata

Effect of sublethal treatment of (40% and 60% of 48 h LC50) of deltamethrin+MGK on phospholipid level and rate of lipid peroxidation in nervous and foot tissue of Lymnaea acuminata were studied. Maximum reduction in phospholipid (24.10%) level and increase in rate of lipid peroxidation (586.8%) were observed in foot tissue of snail exposed to 60% of 48 h LC50 of deltamethrin+MGK 264 for 96 h. Alterations in the levels of phospholipids and rate of lipid peroxidation were time and concentration dependent. Use of MGK-264 with deltamethrin increases the toxicity of deltamethrin and their action on membrane phospholipids and rate of lipid peroxidation.     

Ambient and household air pollution on early-life determinants of stunting—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Stunting is an important risk factor for early growth and health implications throughout the life course, yet until recently, studies have rarely...     

A spore-based miniaturized novel assay for rapid aflatoxin detection in milk

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and dairy products is a major issue worldwide. Aflatoxin is a carcinogen that enters into the milk through animals feed. Here,...     

Compost: Its role,mechanism and impact on reducing soil-borne plant diseases

Soil-borne plant pathogens are responsible for causing many crop plant diseases, resulting in significant economic losses. Compost application to agricultural fields is an excellent natural approach, which can be taken to fight against plant pathogens. The application of organic waste products is also an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical use, which unfortunately is the most common approach in agriculture today. This review analyses pioneering and recent compost research, and also the mechanisms and mode of action of compost microbial communities for reducing the activity of plant pathogens in agricultural crops. In addition, an approach for improving the quality of composts through the microbial communities already present in the compost is presented. Future agricultural practices will almost definitely require integrated research strategies to help combat plant diseases.     

Channel Characteristics and Planform Dynamics in the Indian Terai, Sharda River

The Sharda River creates and maintains the ecologically diverse remnant patches of rare Terai ecosystem in northern India. This study used repeat satellite imagery and geographic information system analysis to assess the planform dynamics along a 60 km length of the Sharda River between 1977 and 2001 to understand the altered dynamics and its plausible causes in this data-poor region. Analyses revealed that the Sharda River has undergone significant change corresponding to enhanced instability in terms of increased number of neck cut-offs and consistent occurrence of avulsions in subsequent shorter assessment periods. An increased channel area (8 %), decreased sinuosity (15 %), increased braiding intensity, and abrupt migrations were also documented. The river has migrated toward the east with its west bankline being more unstable. The maximum shifts were 2.85 km in 13 years (1977–1990), 2.33 km in next 9 years (1990–1999), and a substantial shift of 2.39 km in just 2 years (1999–2001). The altered dynamics is making the future of critical wildlife habitats in Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary and North Kheri Forest Division precarious and causing significant economic damage. Extensive deforestation and expansion of agriculture since the 1950s in the catchment area are presumed to have severely impacted the equilibrium of the river, which urgently needs a management plan including wildlife habitat conservation, control, and risk reduction. The present study provides a strong foundation for understanding channel changes in the Sharda River and the finding can serve as a valuable information base for effective management planning and ecological restoration.     

Berberine-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles inhibit non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and migration in vitro

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is reported to have a high incidence rate and is one of the most prevalent types of cancer contributing towards 85%...     

The OEIS complex: two case reports that illustrate the spectrum of abnormalities and a review of the literature

We present two cases of OEIS (omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, spinal defects) complex -MIM 258040 and a review of the literature. Case 1 was a 14-year-old girl who presented at 30 weeks' gestation. An ultrasound examination showed an omphalocele and spina bifida; the bladder was not visualised. She went into spontaneous labour two weeks later and the baby died shortly after birth. A full post-mortem examination was refused, but the mother did agree to an external examination, skin biopsy for fibroblast culture, X rays and MR imaging. The MR imaging showed a pelvic kidney, a large omphalocele containing the other kidney, liver, bowel and a fluid filled structure thought to represent an exstrophy of the bladder (EB). Case 2 was a 30-year-old woman who had an ultrasound examination at 20 weeks' gestation; this showed an omphalocele, but the bladder was not visualised. The pregnancy was subsequently terminated and a post-mortem examination showed a low set umbilical cord associated with a small omphalocele; there was an imperforate anus; a blind ending rectum terminated in the omphalocele. We conclude that these two cases illustrate the variability of the OEIS complex. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non-mosaic trisomy 22: a report of 2 cases

Non-mosaic trisomy 22 is a common cause of first trimester miscarriage and has a livebirth incidence of 1 in 30 000–50 000. Consequently there is a paucity of information for counselling parents. Detection in the second trimester is rare. It is commonly associated with severe growth retardation and multiple structural abnormalities. Oligohydramnios is frequently seen and can make detection of other abnormalities difficult. The outlook is uniformly poor and survival beyond the first trimester may present management dilemmas. A thorough fetal assessment including high-resolution cytogenetics with or without FISH is required for counselling. Careful plans for intrapartum and neonatal management may be necessary. The recurrence risk is thought to be low but information is very limited as there have been no reported cases of recurrence. We present two case of non-mosaic trisomy 22 including the first to be diagnosed subsequent to investigation for a high serum screening Down's risk. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrologic evaluation of landfill performance (HELP) modeling in bioreactor landfill design and permitting

The practice of operating municipal solid waste landfills as bioreactor landfills has become more common over the past decade. Because simulating moisture balance and flow is more critical in such landfills than in dry landfills, researchers have developed methods to address this problem using the hydrologic evaluation of landfill performance (HELP) model. This paper discusses three methods of applying the HELP model to simulate the percolation of liquids added to landfill waste: the leachate recirculation feature (LRF), the subsurface inflow (SSI) feature, and additional rainfall to mimic liquids addition. The LRF is simple to use but may not be able to bring the landfill to bioreactor conditions. The SSI feature provides a convenient user interface for modeling liquids addition to each layer. The additional rainfall feature provides flexibility to the model, allowing users to estimate the leachate generation rate and the leachate head on bottom liner associated with daily variation in the liquids addition rate. Additionally, this paper discusses several issues that may affect the HELP model, such as the time of model simulation, layers of liquids addition, and the limitations of the HELP model itself. Based on the simulation results, it is suggested that the HELP model should be run over an extended period of time after the cessation of liquids addition in order to capture the peak leachate generation rate and the head on the liner (HOL). From the perspectives of leachate generation and the HOL, there are few differences between single-layer injection and multiple-layer injection. This paper also discusses the limitations of using the HELP model for designing and permitting bioreactor landfills.     

Organ targeted prenatal gene therapy—how far are we?

Prenatal gene therapy aims to deliver genes to cells and tissues early in prenatal life, allowing correction of a genetic defect, before long-term tissue damage has occurred. In contrast to postnatal gene therapy, prenatal application can target genes to a large population of dividing stem cells, and the smaller fetal size allows a higher vector-to-target cell ratio to be achieved. Early-gestation delivery may allow the development of immune tolerance to the transgenic protein which would facilitate postnatal repeat vector administration if needed. Targeting particular organs will depend on manipulating the vector to achieve selective tropism and on choosing the most appropriate gestational age and injection method for fetal delivery. Intra-amniotic injection reaches the skin, and other organs that are bathed in the fluid however since gene transfer to the lung and gut is usually poor more direct injection methods will be needed. Delivery to the liver and blood can be achieved by systemic delivery via the umbilical vein or peritoneal cavity. Gene transfer to the central nervous system in the fetus is difficult but newer vectors are available that transduce neuronal tissue even after systemic delivery. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.