粗糙集综合评价法在公路建设项目大气污染评价中的应用

简述了粗糙集理论的基础知识，应用粗糙集综合评价法对公路建设项目大气污染进行了评价，并通过实例验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

Au/SnO2催化氧化CO性能的研究

以SnO₂为载体，Au为活性组分，采用真空浸渍法、共沉淀法、沉积沉淀法制备CO氧化的催化剂，同时还制备双金属体系催化剂Au-Pd/SnO₂和Au-Pt/SnO₂。用气相色谱对所制备的催化剂进行活性评价，运用DSC、SEM、XRD、BET等对催化剂进行表征。在本实验条件下，载体二氧化锡焙烧温度为500 ℃，催化剂成型温度为350 ℃，金负载量为3%(wt.)时，用沉积-沉淀法制备的Au/SnO₂活性最好，在18 ℃，空速为24 000 h-1条件下就能将CO（浓度为4%）完全氧化为CO₂；添加铂和钯可提高Au/SnO₂对CO的催化活性。     

Movement of bromacil and hexazinone in soils of Hawaiian pineapple fields

Bromacil and hexazinone have been heavily used to control weeds in the pineapple fields in central Oahu, Hawaii, USA, since 1970s and 1980s, respectively. The last application prior to this study was at a rate of 0.6 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha(-1) for hexazinone and 1.8 or 3.4 kg (a.i.) ha(-1) for bromacil in the six study fields during June-October 1998. Soils were collected from 0 to 1860 cm below the surface in January-May 1999 to survey the residue profiles of the two herbicides. Stratoprobe sampling showed to be an efficient and convenient method for deep soil cores. Bromacil was detected in all the soil samples above 60 cm (105-1338 ng g(-1) dry weight) and in 74% of the samples above 400 cm (26-473 ng g(-1)). Trace amounts of bromacil (90-113 ng g(-1)) were detected in some of the samples collected from as deep as 1540 cm. Hexazinone was detected in three of the six fields at 0-60 cm only (86-107 ng g(-1) dry weight). The more frequent detection of bromacil at higher concentrations than hexazinone is related to the prolonged higher application rates of bromacil in the fields and its higher persistence and mobility in soil.     

煤无烟燃烧锅炉炉内燃烧特性分析

对一台所设计的DZL1.0-0.7-AⅢ煤无烟燃烧锅炉炉内燃烧特性进行了数值模拟.对床层反应,采用了基于热力学平衡法的"黑箱模型",而对于床层上方炉膛空间内的气相湍流燃烧则采用了标准k-ε模型、旋涡消散模型和离散坐标模型.采用非结构化四面体网格生成技术处理复杂炉膛几何空间的网格生成.通过数值模拟,得到炉内速度场,温度场,浓度场等参数的分布特性.结果表明:"多孔分层错列撞击流式"二次风的引入对于改变炉内流动和燃烧特性,加强炉内烟气和空气的混合,强化燃烧及实现炉内消烟除尘具有重要的作用.     

麻疯树RAPD分析的影响因素

麻病树（Jatropha curcas L.）是一种具有广泛潜在用途的植物，为获得有重复性的RAPD分析结果，以对麻疯树的遗传多样性进行研究，本文作者对影响RAPD扩增结果的多个因素，包括缓冲体系成分，Taq酶、引物、模板浓度，PCR循环数等进行了研究，确定了反应的最适条件范围。     

基于WebGIS的西部生态环境信息服务系统的建设

结合西部生态环境调查积累的大量环境数据 ,围绕西部生态环境网上服务系统建设的实际应用需要 ,基于Web技术对西部生态环境信息服务系统进行了整体组织和设计 ,并对其实现技术、功能、过程等作了较详细的阐述。该系统可为公众和环境管理部门提供方便、快捷的生态环境信息。     

涉爆粉尘企业除尘器粉尘爆炸泄压面积计算方法研究

为合理设计除尘器的爆炸泄压面积,降低涉爆粉尘企业粉尘爆炸风险,本文以标准《粉尘爆炸泄压指南》(GB/T 15605-2008)为依据,分析推理出涉爆粉尘企业常用的旋风除尘器和布袋除尘器的爆炸泄压面积的计算公式,并在实例中进行验证.结果表明:该公式能准确计算出除尘器的爆炸泄压面积,为企业设计除尘器的泄压面积提供参考.     

Response of peroxidase and catalase to acid rain stress during seed germination of rice, wheat, and rape

Seed germination of plants with various acid-resistance display different responses to acid rain. To understand the reason why such differences occur, the effects of simulated acid rain (pH 2.5–5.0) on the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) during seed germination of rice (O. sativa), wheat (T. aestivum), and rape (B. chinensis var. oleifera) were investigated. Results indicated that the maximum change in activities of CAT and POD by acid rain treatment with different acidity and time in relation to the referent treatment without acid rain, was in the order: rice (28.8%, 31.7%) < wheat (34.7%, 48.3%) < rape (79.3%, 50.0%). The pH level for which the treatment with acid rain did not cause significant difference (p < 0.05) was in the order: rice (3.5).wheat (4.0).rape (5.0). Moreover, the change in activity of POD was higher than that of CAT, which showed that POD was more sensitive to acid rain stress than CAT. The difference in the ability of POD and CAT in removing free radicals was one reason why the germination indexes of these three species behaved differently. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(6): 123–125 [译自: 环境科学]     

中国民航机场飞机起飞着陆(LTO)循环排放量估算

为了估算飞机在民航机场的污染物(HC、CO、NOx、SO2)排放量,基于国际民航组织(ICAO)标准中的起飞着陆(LTO)循环概念,采用其发动机排放数据库(Engine emission data bank),结合我国民航机队资料和民航飞行数据,通过计算全国123个机场1周内飞机LTO循环的气体污染物排放量,拟合出LTO循环数与各种污染气体排放因子的关系.结果表明,2002～2006年民航机场LTO循环排放量分别为24680.54、24701.30、31084.55、35633.84、40645.55t;2006年我国全民航机场飞机LTO循环HC、CO、NOx、SO2的排放量分别为1514.48、14341.16、23095 19、1694.71t,旅客吞吐量前20位的机场排放占全国排放总量的68.25%.考察对比了2003及2004年度全国7大空域的机场飞机LTO循环排放分布,结果表明,在标准LTO循环的进近、滑行、起飞以及爬升4种模式中,滑行段所排放的污染物约占整个循环的50%,滑行时间降低4min,排放总量降低6%.     

外生菌根真菌对五氯芬的耐受性及生理响应

在纯培养条件下,研究了7种外生菌根真菌--美昧牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)、铆钉菇(Gomphidius viscidus)、双色腊蘑(Laccaria bicolor)、褐疣柄牛肝菌(Leccinum 8cabrum)、红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)、大毒滑锈伞(Heboloma crustulinifoume)和长柄粘滑菇(Hebeloma longicaudum)在不同五氯酚浓度下的生长速度和耐受性,筛选出具有降解五氯酚潜力的3种外生菌根真菌--铆钉菇、双色腊蘑、褐疣柄牛肝菌;考察了这3种外生菌根真菌在五氯酚胁迫下的生长模式,并采用点试方法对真菌氧化还原酶的产生情况进行了检测.结果表明:低浓度(≤10mg·L-1)条件下,五氯酚并没有改变菌种的生长模式,其中铆钉菇表现出了对五氯酚较强的耐受性,而在较高浓度下(15mg·L-1),所有菌种生长均受到抑制.酶点试结果表明,铆钉菇是3种外生菌根真菌中氧化还原酶活性最强且种类较多的菌种,它表现出较高的漆酶、酪氨酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,是一种具有高效降解芳环结构污染物潜力的菌根真菌.