从宿迁地震台情况探讨观测环境的保护

在地震观测中，环境保护是非常重要的，可是随着改革开放后我国经济的飞速发展，各级政府在进行经济建设的过程中，很多地方地震观测环境受到很大的影响。我们江苏省宿迁地震台的观测环境目前就处在这种境况之中，这给我们的数据采集带来了很大的影响。本文从我台环境受影响的现状、国家的法律法规、解决的思路等方面探讨问题的解决办法。     

An insight into the drag effect of water,land, and energy on economic growth across space and time: the application of improved Solow growth model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Economies that depend on natural resources can experience a resource drag effect when economic growth is limited by constraints on the availability of...     

熟石灰强化热脱附修复重质石油污染土壤

针对热脱附技术修复石油污染土壤存在能耗高的问题,采用添加Ca(OH)₂实现在相对较低的温度下强化热脱附重质石油污染土壤,以降低能耗。通过室内模拟实验,研究了热脱附温度、停留时间和Ca(OH)₂添加量对重质石油污染土壤中总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH)去除率的影响。结果表明,当热脱附温度为400 ℃、停留时间为30 min、加入1% Ca(OH)₂时,石油污染土壤中TPH的去除率相比无Ca(OH)₂热脱附的土壤提高了23.6%;土壤中饱和烃、芳香烃、胶质和沥青质的去除率分别增加了17.3%、29.3%、18.1%和46.7%,对沥青质的去除效果最佳。Ca(OH)₂能够降低热反应活化能且增加活性位点是其显著促进土壤中重质石油烃的热脱附去除的主要原因。Ca(OH)₂强化热脱附后土壤粘性降低,分散性增强,粒径变小,且在表面生成一层类焦炭的物质。该研究结果可为热脱附技术在石油污染土壤修复中的应用提供参考。     

生石灰孔结构对高温脱硫性能的影响

喷钙脱硫工艺的炉内脱硫率 ,不仅受工艺参数的影响 ,还与石灰石分解生成的新生CaO或直接喷入的CaO的表面结构有关。本研究用同一石灰石经不同方法 (煅烧、过烧、煅烧 -水合 -脱水等 )制备了四种具有不同比表面积和孔结构的生石灰。高温脱硫研究表明 :这四种不同孔结构的生石灰 ,具有不同的脱硫率。通过对高温脱硫前后吸着剂宏观结构变化的对比 ,发现半径小于 30 的孔易被反应产物堵塞 ,因而脱硫能力有限 ,而半径大于 5 0 的孔对脱硫更有效。本研究将为提高炉内喷钙的脱硫率、研制和开发高效脱硫剂提供新的途径。     

Shaping effects of rice,wheat, maize,and soybean seedlings on their rhizosphere microbial community

The rhizosphere microbiome plays critical roles in plant growth and is an important interface for resource exchange between plants and the soil environment. Crops at various growing stages, especially the seedling stage, have strong shaping effects on the rhizosphere microbial community, and such community reconstruction will positively feed back to the plant growth. In the present study, we analyzed the variations of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of four crop species: rice, soybean, maize, and wheat during successive cultivations (three repeats for the seedling stages) using 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) high-throughput sequencing. We found that the relative abundances of specific microorganisms decreased after different cultivation times, e.g., Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Rhodanobacter, and Caulobacter, which have been reported as plant-growth beneficial bacteria. The relative abundances of potential plant pathogenic fungi Myrothecium and Ascochyta increased with the successive cultivation times. The co-occurrence network analysis showed that the bacterial and fungal communities under maize were much more stable than those under rice, soybean, and wheat. The present study explored the characteristics of bacteria and fungi in crop seedling rhizosphere and indicated that the characteristics of indigenous soil flora might determine the plant growth status. Further study will focus on the use of the critical microorganisms to control the growth and yield of specific crops.

     

混凝-超滤工艺处理饮用水厂滤池反冲洗水和排泥水的效能

为探究饮用水厂滤池反冲洗水和排泥水的直接回用和处理后回用对水厂的影响及两类水处理过程中的差异,采用了污染负荷计算、实验室混凝小试和现场混凝-超滤中试装置对两类生产废水分别进行了研究。溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、氨氮 (NH₄⁺-N)、Al³⁺和全氟类化合物(perfluorinated compounds,PFASs)的污染负荷计算结果表明生产废水直接回用会为水厂带来一定的额外负荷,其中排泥水和反冲洗水分别对PFASs和Al³⁺负荷贡献较大;通过对小试中浊度,UV₂₅₄以及5种荧光组分去除效果的对比,反冲洗水的混凝效果稍好于排泥水,同时10 mg·L⁻¹的聚合氯化铝为最佳混凝剂方案;在中试过程中,两类水中的浊度、有机物、Al³⁺和PFASs均可被有效去除,出水差异较小,但反冲洗水中的亲水性和小分子有机物使得其去除效果低于排泥水。总体来说,经过处理之后,两类生产废水均可回用,回用可有效减少废水排放量,提高水厂水资源利用率。     

印染污泥与铁尾矿磁化焙烧回收铁资源

我国铁尾矿累计堆存量超1×10¹⁰ t,主要为难选的赤铁矿、褐铁矿、菱铁矿等,由于脉石矿物组成复杂,重金属等有害杂质含量高,难以直接资源化利用。利用铁尾矿与印染污泥共同磁化焙烧,回收铁尾矿和印染污泥中铁资源,研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间和印染污泥掺烧量对铁品位和铁回收率的影响及作用机制。最佳焙烧条件为,800 °C、30 min、印染污泥掺烧量15%,对焙烧产物进行120 mT的湿法磁选,得到铁品位63.78%,回收率92.58%的铁精矿。铁尾矿中的针铁矿失水留下孔隙转化为赤铁矿,进而被还原为磁铁矿,其还原路径为FeO(OH)→Fe₂O₃→Fe₃O₄。SEM+MAPPING分析结果表明,磁化焙烧后赤铁矿和铝化合物的连生体被破坏,通过磁选可提升铁精矿品位及回收率。本研究可为印染污泥和铁尾矿的协同处理及资源化利用提供参考。     

Conditional effect of governance quality on the finance-environment nexus in a multivariate EKC framework: evidence from the method of moments-quantile regression with fixed-effects models

This paper investigates the mitigating effect of governance quality on the finance-environment nexus in a multivariate EKC framework in 123 selected countries during the 1990–2017 period. We mainly employ the method of moments-quantile regression (MM-QR) with the fixed-effects model, among others. First, the MM-QR estimator reveals that financial development reduces environmental quality more significantly in countries with initially higher levels (the 75^th and 90^th quantiles) of CO₂ emissions than in other countries (the 25^th and 10^th quantiles). Second, the attenuating effect of governance quality on the finance-environment nexus is more remarkable in nations with low initial levels (the 25^th and 10^th quantiles) of CO₂ emissions. Third, we find that the marginal positive effect of financial development on CO₂ emissions is smaller under a good regulatory framework than under corruption control and the rule of law, especially in the top emitters (the 75^th and 90^th quantiles). Fourth, unlike oil, which has a considerable negative impact on the environmental quality of the major emitters, renewable energy usage reduces CO₂ emissions in countries in all quantiles, primarily in the lowest quantiles. Fifth, the findings also show that urbanization dramatically worsens environmental quality in all economies, particularly those in the lowest quantiles. Finally, we confirm that the EKC hypothesis holds in all countries across different quantiles. The study’s final section discusses policy implications for sustainable development in all countries.

     

Effects of four chlorobenzenes on serum sex steroids and hepatic microsome enzyme activities in crucian carp, Carassius auratus

Four chlorobenzenes (chlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, p-chloro-methylbenzene) were administrated to the crucian carps (Carassius auratus) by peritoneal injections in the laboratory for 30 days. Serum testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were detected using radioimmunology assay (RIA), and the activities of two hepatic microsome enzymes, glutathione s-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT), were measured using the modified methods as described by Habig and Owens. Results showed that the four chlorobenzenes caused significant increases in serum testosterone concentration in the crucian carps (P < 0.05) compared to the controls, but they caused no significant effect on 17 beta-estradiol level. All test chemicals caused a change in hepatic GST activity in crucian carps, with significant increases in enzyme activity (P < 0.05). Chlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene and p-chloro-methylbenzene resulted in a marked inhibition to UDPGT activity in crucian carp (P < 0.05) except 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The changes in hepatic microsome enzyme activities may have resulted in the alterations of serum sex steroids levels in the crucian carps. The results indicated that these four chlorobenzenes may result in the changes of endocrine functions and may affect the reproductive success of this and other species.