电化学催化降解苯胺的试验研究

用新兴的电化学催化系统,以采用特殊工艺自制的DSA类电极为阳极,对自配的苯胺溶液进行了降解处理,并得出了本试验范围内的最佳条件。     

基于主成分分析的全国建设用地集约度评价

建设用地的集约利用是一个基于时空尺度的动态概念.首先了解了1996-2005年期间全国建设用地变化的大背景,然后以全国各省、市、自治区2005年建设用地数据、各种社会经济数据为基础,在总结前人研究的基础上,构建了全国建设用地集约利用评价体系,采用主成分分析的方法,确定了各省、市、自治区建设用地的集约分值,根据标准确定了各自的集约度水平,结合ArcGis将评价结果空间化,进一步分析了集约度的空间差异.针对不同的集约度区域提出了针对性的意见,为区域建设用地集约利用提供指导,促进经济发展.研究结果表明,(1)全国建设用地数量在持续上升,增长率呈现波浪状;(2)建没用地的集约度在空间上存在差异,东部沿海地区的集约度水平要高于中部和西部地区;(3)环境的可持续发展指标是考核建设用地集约利用的重要因素;(4)利用主成分分析的方法在结果评价时比较客观、全面,同时可以很方便地确定权重系数.     

Effects of regional vs. ecological factors on plant species richness: an intercontinental analysis

Conclusions from past studies on the roles that historical and regional factors and contemporary and ecological factors have played in regulating large-scale patterns of species richness have been controversial. Conflicting past results were likely affected by differences in the range of environments analyzed and the scales of observation. Eastern North America and eastern Asia are ideal regions for examining the relative effects of historical and regional factors and contemporary and ecological factors on large-scale patterns of plant species richness because these two regions are closely matched in terms of climate and because their floras originated from the same paleoflora but have experienced different histories of development since the late Paleogene when climate cooling caused their separation. We report on a comprehensive data set of 471 floras ranging from 10 km2 to 4.7 x 10(6) km2 and spanning a wide range of climate and latitude (from 21 degrees to 55 degrees N) to examine whether the contribution of region relative to climate persists from small to large floras and increases from cooler to warmer climates. We found that eastern Asia is richer than eastern North America when sample area, maximum elevation, and climate are accounted for, that this difference diminishes toward higher latitudes, and that elevation plays a much stronger role in eastern Asia than in eastern North America. Our analysis reconciles contemporary/ecological and historical/regional explanations for species richness variation and helps explain why different conclusions have been reached by different authors working in the same geographical areas: the strength of the region effect itself varies with location and range of climatic conditions of the observations.     

新型负载型光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性研究

以硝酸钙和磷酸为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石(HAP);以HAP为载体,采用浸渍-提拉法制得负载型光催化剂TiO2／HAP,并用其对酸性媒介红B进行光催化氧化实验;探讨了HAP煅烧温度和TiO2负载量对TiO2／HAP光催化活性的影响,并利用XRD、FT—IR和TEM对载体及TiO2／HAP催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,煅烧温度、TiO2负载量对HAP吸附性能及催化活性有较大的影响;TiO2／HAP的催化活性明显优于TiO2／玻片的催化活性。     

用沉淀技术处理炼油厂的碱渣

用沉淀技术对炼油厂的碱渣进行再生处理,考察了影响再生效果的各种因素,结果表明,在沉淀反应温度20℃、反应时间超过30min、沉淀剂CuO与Na2S的摩尔比为1．4的条件下,S^2-的去除率可达98％以上,沉淀剂CuO再生后可以循环使用,并且再生后碱液的物理性质与新鲜碱液基本相同。     

淹没式膜生物反应器中膜污染机理的研究

为减小微生物絮体对膜的污染,设计了一种具有沉降室的膜生物反应器,膜A与膜B分别淹没在上清液和污泥混合液中以相同的抽吸方式运行,与预期结果相反,膜A比膜B的污染速度还快．为探讨膜污染机理,考察了污泥混合液中不同组分对膜污染的影响,利用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜分析了膜面污染层的特征．结果发现,在污泥混合液与上清液中膜面污染层在微观结构上存在显差异,其方差平均粗糙度Rms分别为132．3nm和75．2nm．经膜污染机理分析认为：微生物絮体和大分子有机物会在膜面形成污染层,该污染层作为“二次膜”影响膜过滤性能．上清液中细小的微生物絮体和大分子有机物形成的污染层相对致密,会加剧膜污染．     

层次分析法在规划环评中的应用--以太仓市沿江地区规划为例

综合分析了层次分析法(AHP法)的特点及应用于规划环评的优势,并以太仓市沿江地区规划为例,综合考虑社会、经济和环境资源的因素,建立了评价体系,对太仓市沿江地区规划的4个替代方案进行了比选,最后对拟定规划方案给出了修正建议。     

磷酸铵镁法处理焦化厂高浓度氨氮废水

介绍了酸铵镁(magnesiumammoniumphosphate,MAP)法处理高浓度氨氮废水的技术,研究了药剂配比、反应pH值以及药剂选择等因素对氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明,当在剩余氨水中投加MgCl2·6H2O和Na2HPO4·12H2O药剂,Mg2+∶NH+4∶PO3-4的摩尔比为1.4∶1∶0.9,反应pH值为8.5~9.5的条件下,原水的氨氮浓度可由2000mg/L降到15mg/L。并通过对反应沉淀物的结构成分分析,探讨了MAP作为有效缓释肥开发利用的可行性。     

TiO2薄膜光催化降解双酚A的研究

采用sol-gel法制备TiO2薄膜.以该薄膜为催化剂,研究了在H2O2存在的条件下,对内分泌干扰物质双酚A的光催化降解反应.分别讨论了pH值、H2O2的加入量、双酚A的初始浓度以及光照时间对降解反应的影响.结果表明,在pH=4,30 mg/L的H2O2中对初始浓度为50 mg/L的双酚A溶液光照180 min有较好的降解效果.     

Porous Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanocages derived from ZIF-8: boosted photocatalytic performances under LED-visible light

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A facile strategy was adopted to prepare porous Cd0.5Zn0.5S (CZS-X) nanocages by sulfurizing the rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 as precursor with...