铝基无机有机复合絮凝剂对超滤膜性能的影响研究

采用铝基无机有机复合絮凝剂(PAC-JY01)对含有腐殖酸与高岭土的模拟水样进行强化混凝处理,取混凝后出水进行超滤,通过测定超滤前后出水水质以及超滤膜运行状况,探讨PAC-JY01对超滤膜工艺效能的影响.结果表明,在强化混凝-超滤联用工艺中PAC-JY01的最佳投加量为3mg/L,最佳pH=6.在最佳条件下,UV254和浊度的去除率分别达到79.30%、99.70%;在实验运行条件下,较大的絮体容易在膜表面沉积而造成膜污染.     

有机氯农药在东方白鹳组织里的浓度

对越冬迁徙期间中途停留在天津北大港的野生鸟类-东方白鹳（Ciconia boyciana）体内肌肉、肝脏、心脏、胃和脾中∑OCPs浓度进行了检测.各组织中检出的∑OCPs平均浓度（浓度范围,以脂重计）在心脏中最高,为955.30ng/g（88.65～4102.577ng/g）,次之为肝脏,平均浓度为465.55ng/g（37.96～1476.17ng/g）,再次之为胃、脾和肌肉,浓度分别为251.64ng/g（102.88～354.61ng/g）、176.5ng/g（158.72～194.50ng/g）和143.96ng/g（10.90～800.51ng/g）.在肝脏和心脏中∑DDTs和浓度高于∑HCHs,在其它组织中则相反.与其它研究相比,本研究所检测鸟体内有机氯浓度较低,表明这批东方白鹳并尚未受到环境中OCPs的严重污染.     

国家环境保护规划评估的语义建模技术方法研究

在确定环境保护规划文本语义解析目标的基础上,列举了规划文本的形式分析和内容分析方法,研究提出了规划评估的两类建模技术:基于驱动力的模型构建技术和基于利益驱动的模型构建技术,并针对语义模型构建相关技术的未来研究方向提出建议:(1)推广计算机信息搜索与统计技术在文本形式分析技术方法领域的应用;(2)关注评估过程中的利益相关方的主张、焦虑、争议以及相应的解决办法.     

砷污染微生物修复的进展研究

随着工业的快速发展,砷污染成为全世界尤其是发展中国家面临的主要环境问题之一.微生物修复是砷污染修复的重要技术,本文在微生物对砷的专性吸附,微生物对砷的形态转化及含砷化合物的降解和挥发,微生物-根系互作对土壤砷污染的影响,及微生物砷修复的分子生物学等4个方面阐述了微生物砷修复机制的研究进展.文章还对微生物砷污染修复进行了...     

光催化反应器中臭氧产量及其影响因素研究

二氧化钛光催化降解染料废水具有反应迅速、降解彻底的优点.文章以悬浮态TiO2作为自制紫外光催化反应器(145W,185W)的催化剂,处理通有定量夺气的清水来产生微量的臭氧,通过改变臭氧捕捉方式、初始pH值、反应时间、TiO2用量及光照强度,研究纯水中臭氧产量及pH与上述因素之间的关系,并以循环伏安法作为对照.单因素实验...     

镁铝LDH制备表征及吸附磷酸根离子的性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备碳酸型及硝酸型Mg-Al-LDH(层状双氢氧化物)粉体,并对两种不同阴离子的LDH样品进行X射线衍射(XRD)及红外光谱表征;又将其作为吸附剂,对水中磷酸根离子的去除性能进行了系统研究。实验结果表明,两种LDH的晶体结构基本相似;其对废水中磷酸根离子具有很好的去除效果,且碳酸型LDH除磷效果更佳。通过对模拟废水及实际废水进行吸附实验,得到了LDH除磷的最佳条件。镁铝LDH在废水除磷方面具有较好的应用前景。     

都龙矿区三岔河污染底质砷、铬吸附特性的研究

通过对矿区选矿废水污染河流的底质进行采样分析,探讨了底质颗粒物粒径与砷、铬含量的关系及其砷、铬的吸附特性与吸附贡献率的关系.结果表明,底质中砷污染十分严重,而铬污染程度较轻.在垂直方向上底质中砷的分布无明显差别,但铬的分布差异性显著.砷、铬含量随着污染底质颗粒的变小而增加,呈负相关关系,且砷达到显著性水平.底质中砷、铬吸附贡献率具有相似的特性,2条贡献率曲线呈"双峰型",最大吸附贡献率出现在粒径为250～500 μm和710 μm～2 mm处.粒径500～710 μm处有一低谷,质量分数对铬吸附贡献率的影响达到极显著水平,相关系数0.999.为了使河流免遭二次污染,组织人力物力清理河流底质是十分必要的.     

基于综合赋权法的海洋资源环境承载能力综合评价研究——以长江经济带邻近海域为例

海洋资源环境承载能力评价是促进协调沿海地区社会经济、资源与环境关系平衡的重要方法,是衡量海洋可持续发展的技术手段,构建一种量化的海洋资源环境承载能力综合评价方法十分必要。本研究基于主客观综合赋权法,建立了海洋资源环境承载能力综合评价方法,以长江经济带邻近海域43个县级评价单元为例对海洋资源环境承载能力综合评价方法进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,综合赋权法结合层次分析法和熵值法的优点合理地确定了指标权重,获得了各评价单元海洋资源环境承载能力综合评价得分,连云港和盐城海洋资源环境承载能力情况较好。     

Life cycle assessment of an industrial symbiosis based on energy recovery from dried sludge and used oil

Recovering energy from wastes is a useful strategy for integrated waste and energy management in an eco-industrial park (EIP) and gives promising reduction of wastes, total energy consumption and operation cost. In Jinqiao EIP, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, an industrial symbiosis, based on the energy recovery from municipal sewage sludge and re-refined oil, was proposed in the central heat-supplying company of Jinqiao EIP. It is expected that hot off-gas or part of the steam from the central heat-supplying company could be used for sludge drying and used oil re-refining while the dried sludge and refined oil can be partial substitution for fossil fuel. For the purpose of assessing the environmental performance of this industrial symbiosis, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used and different scenarios were set up in this study to evaluate the Global warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human toxicity air (HTA) and Total Environmental Impact Potential (TEIP) of the system. Results indicate that when the substitute ratio of coal by sludge is 14%, the proposed industrial symbiosis has the least environmental impact. Compared with the current situation (sludge is landfilled), co-combustion of dried sludge and re-refined oil with coal at optimal scale will release less CO₂, CH₄, NO_x, N₂O and CO, but more SO₂, H₂S, NH₃, HCl, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and heavy metals.     

Pollution level and distribution of PCDD/PCDF congeners between vapor phase and particulate phase in winter air of Dalian,China

In December 2009, ambient air was sampled with active high-volume air samplers at two sites: on the roof of the No. l building of Dalian Jiaotong University and on the roof of the building of Dalian Meteorological Observatory. The concentrations and the congeners between vapor phase and particulate phase of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the air were measured. Sample analysis results showed that the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in particulate phase was higher than that in gaseous phase. The ratio of PCDD to PCDF in gaseous phase and particulate phase was lower than 0.4 in all samples. The total I-TEQ value in gaseous phase and particulate phase was 5.5 and 453.8 fg/m³ at Dalian Jiaotong University, 16.6 and 462.1 fg/m³ at Dalian Meteorological Observatory, respectively. The I-TEQ value of Dalian atmosphere was 5.5-462.1 fg/m³ which was lower than international standard, the atmospheric quality in Dalian is better.