升金湖湿地时空演变对越冬鹤类种群动态的影响

升金湖湿地是我国主要的鹤类越冬栖息地之一。研究升金湖湿地时空变化对越冬鹤类种群动态的影响在湿地生态环境改善、鹤类种群恢复等方面具有重要参考价值。对1986～2015年升金湖湿地白头鹤（Grus monacha）、白鹤（Grus leucogeranus）、灰鹤（Grus grus）及白枕鹤（Grus vipio）种群数量的变化趋势分别进行了曲线拟合;结合升金湖湿地1986~2015年间8期遥感影像分析了研究区土地利用/覆盖的时空变化;并探讨了湿地时空变化与越冬鹤类种群数量变化之间的相关性。结果表明：1986~2015年间,研究区的景观格局发生了较大变化,草地、水田、滩涂及其他用地的面积总体呈增加态势,而林地、旱地、水域及芦苇沼泽地面积总体呈减少的态势;4种鹤类的数量总体呈下降趋势,曲线拟合中白鹤和白枕鹤种群数量变化的趋势方程拟合度较高;芦苇沼泽地及水域面积变化与越冬鹤类种群数量呈显著的正相关关系,而草地、滩涂及水田的面积与鹤类种群数量呈较强的负相关关系;其他景观面积变化间接对鹤类种群数量产生影响。 关键词： 时空变化;鹤类;遥感影像;土地利用/覆盖;升金湖     

二氧化碳软化高硬度废水的研究

采用一种新装置——自吸式反应器强化CO_2软化高钙废水过程,探究了温度、起始pH值、CO_2气体流量、CO_2总通入量等因素对钙离子去除率的影响。结果显示,在起始pH值为12.89、温度20℃、通入的CO_2体积分数为100%、CO_2气体流量为1.0 L/min时,钙离子去除率最高达98.47%。与传统的鼓泡搅拌反应器相比,CO_2利用率提高了2倍以上。     

Rheology,Morphology, Crystallization Behaviors,Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Polypropylene/Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Polypropylene Blends

The rheologies, morphologies, crystallization behaviors, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polypropylene (PP) blends and PLA/PP/maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MAPP) blends were investigated. The results showed that the complex viscosities of PLA/PP blends were between those of neat PLA and neat PP, and MAPP had a thinning effect on those of the blends. PLA/PP blends exhibited the distinct phase separation morphologies due to the limited partial miscibility of the blend components. MAPP slightly improved the miscibility between PLA and PP. Both the cold crystallization of PLA component and melt crystallization of PP component were enhanced, probably because PLA and PP were reciprocal nucleating agents. The tensile strength and flexural modulus decreased, while the tensile strain at break and heat deflection temperature (HDT) increased with the increasing PP content. MAPP had the positive effects on the notched impact strength and HDT of PLA-rich blends and also increased the flexural modulus of the binary blends. The thermal stability of the blend was improved by PP, and the incorporation of MAPP further enhanced the thermal stability.     

A Novel Eco-friendly Blood Meal-based Bio-adhesive: Preparation and Performance

In this reported study, a renewable and eco-friendly blood meal-based (BM) bio-adhesive was developed for the plywood fabrication. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and triglycidylamine (TGA) were respectively employed as emulsifier, denaturant and crosslinking agent to modify the BM adhesive. Three-ply plywood was manufactured and its wet shear strength was tested. The solid content, residual rate, functional groups, thermal degradation behavior, and cross section micromorphology of the resulting adhesives were characterized in detail. The experimental results showed that PVA prevented the BM agglomeration, SDS unfolded the structure of protein and then TGA reacted with the exposed active groups in the BM protein molecules, forming a cross-linked structure. As a result, the thermal stability of the modified BM adhesive was improved and the cross section of the cured adhesive was more homogeneous, which enhanced the performance of the adhesive. Consequently, the wet shear strength of the plywood bonded by modified BM adhesive markedly increased by 388% to 1.27 MPa. Compared with soy bean meal-based adhesive, a higher protein content and hydrophobic amino acids content of BM are benefit for fabricating high performance bio-based adhesive, which rendered the BM adhesive practical for plywood industrial application.     

Reuse of Selected Lignocellulosic and Processed Biomasses as Sustainable Sources for the Fabrication of Nanocellulose via Ni(II)-Catalyzed Hydrolysis Approach: A Comparative Study

This study investigates for the first time the feasibility of isolating nanocellulose from several selected feedstocks via a novel Ni(II)-hydrolysis process, including lignocellulosic biomasses (oil palm trunk, banana peel and coconut husk) and processed biomasses (newspaper, tissue paper and cotton linter), with an obtained gravimetric yield ranging from 59.6 to 86.2%. The isolation of nanocellulose products from these selected feedstocks was verified by the successive removal of most of their non-cellulosic components (lignin and hemicellulose) and cellulose amorphous regions, the increase in the crystallinity index and the nanoscale of the individual crystals. Most importantly, the resultant nanocellulose products rendered better thermal stability than that of corresponding original sources, which are highly potential to be utilized as the new renewable sources of reinforcement materials with potential applications in bio-nanocomposites and thermoplastics. Therefore, this work proves the viability of direct production of nanocellulose from a variety of cellulosic sources by using Ni(II)-based transition metal salt catalyst. The results suggested that the concept of waste to wealth could be well executed from the obtained nanocellulose, which are greatly potential for various industrial applications.     

天然气净化厂放空废气对环境的影响及控制措施

天然气净化厂除正常生产有工艺废气排放外,传统装置检修开停产过程、供电或设备异常情况下,会有大量酸气、原料气通过放空火炬燃烧后排放。文章主要分析了天然气净化装置放空废气排放情况及其对周边环境的影响,阐述了异常放空、检修开停产过程原料气和酸气放空的控制措施及其环境效益。     

阿克苏地区水质硬度现状及不同净水方式水净化效果研究

采用EDTA鳌和滴定法检测阿克苏部分水样中的总硬度、钙离子浓度和镁离子浓度,并将之与国家对于饮用水硬度的标准进行比较,结果发现自来水、地下水、多浪河水总硬度在350 mg/L左右,属于高硬度水。分析不同净水方式水净化效果,结果表明经过滤装置及净水器处理后的水硬度在230 mg/L左右,硬度有所降低但依然属于高硬度水;阿克苏水质硬度较高,在饮用时需采取一定的措施降低其硬度,建议先过滤净化后烧开再饮用较为妥当。     

城市河道黑臭水体污染治理技术研究

城市河道黑臭水体对市民生活有严重不良影响,黑臭水体形成复杂、治理难度大。本文通过分析黑臭水体的外源性及内源性成因,明确了黑臭水体来源与治理方向,同时从控源截污、底泥修复、水体净化等方面研究了有效治理城市河道黑臭水体污染的技术,旨在进一步明确其治理策略,以期为有效治理提供参考。     

页岩气增产采出水处理方法研究

针对页岩气增产采出水易起泡,难以平稳蒸发脱盐的问题,利用"预处理+多效蒸发"处理方法,对井站两种不同性质的采出水进行中试,连续监测各工艺单元处理后水质及蒸发出水水质。结果表明:通过破乳混凝、催化氧化、电荷中和及除硬等步骤,能够完全消除泡排水起泡性;中试稳定运行7d,两种泡排水蒸发出水水质稳定,COD浓度<55mg/L,NH4^+-N浓度<18mg/L,满足GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准;Cl^-浓度<21mg/L,满足DB 51/190-1993《四川省水污染物排放标准》要求。     

连云港经济技术开发区危废处置情况的调查研究

通过对连云港市经济技术开发区内医药企业危废产生及库存等情况进行调查,针对目前危废处理处置过程中存在问题,提出解决对策及建议。