污染地块巨厚含水层典型DNAPLs运移模拟及安全利用深度评估

江苏省南部地区历史遗留化工污染地块同时存在巨厚含水层（厚度＞30 m）和DNAPL类污染物,故导致再开发利用时调查和治理深度难以确定。利用UTChem 模型构建地块二维地下水DNAPLs迁移模型,对巨厚含水层底板上典型DNAPLs（氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、四氯乙烯）随时间推移的迁移扩散情况进行了模拟,并对影响其扩散范围的因素进行了探讨,基于模拟研究结果对此类地块安全利用深度进行了分析。模拟研究表明,不存在抽水井的情况下,经过70 a,含水层底板上4种典型DNAPLs（氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、四氯乙烯）污染羽迁移范围有限,其自底板垂直向上最大迁移距离分别为16.70、16.90、15.20、7.90 m,向下游迁移距离分别为332.12、337.77、322.10、243.40 m。在存在抽水井的情况下,抽水井会显著影响DNAPLs污染羽的迁移范围。影响DNAPLs污染物迁移扩散范围的主要因素为污染物溶解度、密度、黏度、弥散度及渗透系数。本研究结果可为典型化工类型退役地块的风险管控和安全利用提供参考。     

气泡尺寸对清洗固体表面油脂及颗粒污染物的影响

为明确气泡清洗技术在罐底油泥清洗中的应用情况,考察了气泡尺寸差异对固体表面清洗效果的影响。搭建了玻璃表面油污气泡清洗可视化实验装置,并设计了气泡发生器。该发生器可通过调节气液比产生多种尺寸分布的气泡。实验中产生的气泡直径分布于80~1 200 μm。研究了气泡尺寸、清洗时间、距离和角度等参数对清洗效果的影响,结果表明,在液体流量为2.5 L·min⁻¹条件下,清洗去除率随气泡尺寸的增大而提高,气泡的平均直径为800 μm时的清洗效果最好,能够将去除率从用水清洗的4.5%提高到68.3%,且当基底与水流方向为45°时的清洗去除率高于垂直或平行放置。上述结果说明,气泡撞击和破裂产生的水射流和涡流冲刷作用是主要的清洗机制。本研究结果可为高效处理油泥污染问题提供理论和实践参考,为罐底油泥清洗开拓新的解决路径。     

Insight into metal binding properties of biochar-derived DOM using EEM-PARAFAC and differential absorption spectra combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A large amount of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) will be released into the environment with biochars application into repairing...     

Research progress and hot spots of hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production based on bibliometric analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass used HTL reaction under high temperature and pressure to produce bio-oil. This technology is considered as...     

Ground discarded tires remove naphthalene, toluene, and mercury from water

Ground discarded tires adsorb naphthalene, toluene, and mercury ions (Hg2+) from aqueous solutions. Their sorption properties and kinetics were determined by batch equilibration techniques at 20 degrees C. The isotherms were linear for naphthalene and toluene and their sorption coefficients were about 1340 and 255 (ml/g), respectively. Sorption of the organic compounds by the ground rubber particles was relatively fast (within 30 min). However, the mercury isotherms were non-linear, and its sorption was slow as compared to the sorption of the organics. The rubber particles had a strong affinity for Hg2+. These results show that ground discarded tires are effective in removing organic compounds and Hg2+ from wastewater and other contaminated environments. In addition it would be a useful, environmentally friendly use of discarded tires (one tire per year per capita is discarded in the United States).     

Sorption of naphthalene and phenanthrene by soil humic acids

Humic acids are a major fraction of soil organic matter (SOM), and sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals by humic acids influences their behavior and fate in soil. A clear understanding of the sorption of organic chemicals by humic acids will help to determine their sorptive mechanisms in SOM and soil. In this paper, we determined the sorption of two hydrophobic organic compounds, naphthalene and phenanthrene by six pedogenetically related humic acids. These humic acids were extracted from different depths of a single soil profile and characterized by solid-state CP/MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Aromaticity of the humic acids increased with soil depth. Similarly, atomic ratios of C/H and C/O also increased with depth (from organic to mineral horizons). All isotherms were nonlinear. Freundlich exponents (N) ranged from 0.87 to 0.95 for naphthalene and from 0.86 to 0.92 for phenanthrene. The N values of phenanthrene were consistently lower than naphthalene for a given humic acid. For both compounds, N values decreased with increasing aromaticity of the humic acids, such an inverse relationship was never reported before. These results support the dual-mode sorption model where partitioning occurs in both expanded (flexible) and condensed (rigid) domains while nonlinear sorption only in condensed domains of SOM. Sorption in the condensed domains may be a cause for slow desorption, and reduced availability and toxicity with aging.     

Association between air pollution and COVID-19 infection: evidence from data at national and municipal levels

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The impact of high concentrations of air pollution on COVID-19 has been a major air quality and life safety issue in recent studies. This study aimed...     

Migration and transformation of heavy metals in hyperaccumulators during the thermal treatment: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pollution of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil has become one of the important factors affecting the national environment and human health....     

Applicability of hybrid bionic optimization models with kernel-based extreme learning machine algorithm for predicting daily reference evapotranspiration: a case study in arid and semiarid regions,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The accurate prediction of daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ETO) enables effective management decision-making for agricultural water...     

Method and mechanism of chromium removal from soil: a systematic review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metal pollution has increasingly affected human life, and the treatment of heavy metal pollution, especially chromium pollution, is still a...