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911.
Adsorption enhancement of laterally interacting phenol/aniline mixtures onto nonpolar adsorbents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Adsorption equilibria of phenol and aniline onto nonpolar macroreticular adsorbents were investigated in single and binary-solute aqueous systems at 293 K and 313 K. All adsorption isotherms can be well represented by the Langmuir equation. Larger uptake of aniline than phenol onto all the adsorbents probably results from the higher hydrophobicity of the former compound as well as the greater electronic density of the aromatic ring of aniline. It is interestingly observed that at a relatively high loading, the total uptake of phenol and aniline in a binary system is remarkably higher than those in a single system. Such uptake difference was elucidated by the cooperative effect arising from the lateral acid–base interaction between the loaded phenol and aniline molecules. Moreover, larger average pore size of the adsorbent is found to result in a greater cooperative coefficient, as observed from the equimolar phenol/aniline adsorption system. 相似文献
912.
PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs in sediments and mussels from Qingdao coastal sea in the frame of current circulations and influence of sewage sludge 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Influence of current circulation and sewage sludge on spatial distributions of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments and mussels from the Qingdao coastal sea were investigated. Total concentrations of PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs in sediments ranged 6.5-32.9, 0.2-1.2, and 0.1-5.5 ngg(-1) dry wt, respectively. The maximum concentrations were all found near the Haibo River mouth, affected by sewage sludge input from the river. Under the current system in Jiaozhou Bay the organic pollutants were subject to deposit on the east side of the bay and trapped inside the bay. Sewage sludge was an important source of PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs in the bay and exponentially magnified the enrichment of PCBs. On the other hand, the congener profiles of PCBs in sediments outside the bay may signify an atmospheric source of PCBs. Total Concentrations of PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs in mussels were 61.4-88.6, 9.0, and 13.8 ngg(-1)lipid, respectively. Mussels enriched significantly PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs relative to the sediments. The total toxicity equivalent quantities (TEQs) of PCNs in mussels were generally lower than that of PCBs. The fluxes of the total PCBs and their TEQs have been decreased steadily since 1950s. The lower chlorinated/brominated congeners of PCNs and PBDEs may exhibit a greater tendency due to less lipophilic and thus a greater probability of being affected by the current circulation in the bay. 相似文献
913.
Partitioning and source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers in Tianjin, China 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Shi Z Tao S Pan B Liu WX Shen WR 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(2):492-500
Water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples were collected from ten rivers in Tianjin and analyzed for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) in SPM and total organic carbon (TOC) in sediment. The behavior and fate of PAHs influenced by these parameters were examined. Generally, organic carbon was the primary factor controlling the behavior of the 16 PAH species. Partitioning of PAHs between SPM and water phase was studied, and K(OC) for some PAH species were found to be significantly higher than the predicted values. The source of PAHs contamination was diagnosed by using PAH isomer ratios. Coal combustion was identified to be a long-term and prevailing contamination source for sediment, while sewage/wastewater source could reasonably explain a short-term PAHs contamination of SPM. 相似文献
914.
Impacts of climatic and atmospheric changes on carbon dynamics in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhang C Tian H Chappelka AH Ren W Chen H Pan S Liu M Styers DM Chen G Wang Y 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,149(3):336-347
We used the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) to estimate carbon (C) storage and to analyze the impacts of environmental changes on C dynamics from 1971 to 2001 in Great Smoky Mountain National Park (GRSM). Our simulation results indicate that forests in GRSM have a C density as high as 15.9kgm(-2), about twice the regional average. Total carbon storage in GRSM in 2001 was 62.2Tg (T=10(12)), 54% of which was in vegetation, the rest in the soil detritus pool. Higher precipitation and lower temperatures in the higher elevation forests result in larger total C pool sizes than in forests at lower elevations. During the study period, the CO(2) fertilization effect dominated ozone and climatic stresses (temperature and precipitation), and the combination of these multiple factors resulted in net accumulation of 0.9Tg C in this ecosystem. 相似文献
915.
介绍了电路板的结构特点及常温力学特征,通过实验研究了电路板在低温处理后力学性能的变化情况,结果显示冲击强度随着冷却温度的下降而降低,在-30℃左右冲击强度最小,当冷却温度低于-30℃后下降趋势变得缓慢;弯曲强度随着温度的下降总的趋势是先减小后增大,在-30℃点弯曲强度和断裂载荷同样达到最低,然后再迅速增加.研究在不同的冷冻温度下,废旧电路板粗碎与细碎的工艺参数变化.实验结果表明,低温粗碎时,在一定程度上提高生产能力,减少单位功耗;低温细碎时,-30℃到-40℃平均功耗较低,在-30℃左右平均功耗下降得最快.本研究为低温破碎工艺的选择及破碎机的设计提供了基础性实验数据. 相似文献
916.
917.
双循环两相生物处理工艺的中试研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用双循环两相生物处理工艺(BICT)系统对城市污水处理厂出水进行中试研究,探讨了中试试验工况下BICT系统对污染物的去除率.结果表明,独立膜反应区的设置消除了生物硝化与除磷的关联性,从而可通过在SBR反应器缩短泥龄来提高系统的除磷效率;系统中污泥转移的实现,使系统在反应阶段能保证较高的污泥浓度,从而提高污泥的释磷效果,为系统处理能力的提升提供较大潜力.在适宜的试验工况下,进水COD容积负荷小于1.00 kg/(m3·d)时,系统COD平均去除率80%左右,出水COD保持在60 mg/L左右;总氮容积负荷小于0.4 kg/(m3·d)时,总氮平均去除率在80%左右,出水总氮低于15 mg/L;总磷容积负荷3~35 g/(m3·d)时,总磷去除率稳定在90%以上,出水总磷低于0.5 mg/L;出水指标均可达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)中的一级标准. 相似文献
918.
溶藻细菌对富营养化水体藻类群落结构的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
向富营养化水体投放3株溶藻细菌(蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)L7、L8和短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)L18)的菌液.在试验期内,3株溶藻细菌显示出很好的控藻效果,使叶绿素a(Chl-a)和藻类密度分别比初始值降低87%以上和72%以上;藻类Shannon-Weaver多样性指数维持在2~3,Pielous均匀度指数介于0.60~0.81,其中,溶藻细菌L7效果最明显.而未投加菌液的水体Chl-a未发生明显上升,但藻类密度自9.55×104个/mL上升到2.09×105个/mL,藻类Shannon-Weaver多样性指数由2.17降到1.11,Pielous均匀度由0.60降到0.33.3株溶藻细菌并非简单地杀灭水体中的全部或某些藻类,而是能明显地调节藻类群落结构,使其朝着较为稳定的方向发展,在修复藻型富营养化水体水生生态系统方面有很好的应用前景. 相似文献
919.
Liu J Cox SB Beall B Brunjes KJ Pan X Kendall RJ Anderson TA McMurry ST Cobb GP Smith PN 《Chemosphere》2008,71(10):1945-1949
We evaluated the use of the gas exchange rate as an ecologically relevant indicator of chemical stress in avian embryos/eggs. Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were exposed to octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) via feed containing nominal concentrations of 0, 12.5, 50.0, and 125.0 mg kg(-1). Metabolic rates (oxygen consumption) of developing quail eggs were then measured via respirometry to examine potential effects of HMX exposure. Metabolic rates were examined on 5, 9, and 21 d of incubation. Next, concentrations of HMX in embryos/eggs were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mean (+/-SE) concentrations of HMX in eggs were 21.0+/-5.9, 1113+/-79.0, 3864+/-154.0, and 7426+/-301.1 ng g(-1) in control, low, medium and high dose groups, respectively. There were significant differences in oxygen consumption among the three embryo ages, however differences among the ages were not consistent among dose groups (age x dose group interaction p<0.0001). Oxygen consumption rates did not vary as a function of HMX in embryos (p=0.18). No evidence was observed for alterations of in ovo metabolic rates associated with HMX exposure. 相似文献
920.
以涂有CeO2-ZrO2固溶体的堇青石蜂窝状陶瓷为载体,用浸渍法制备堇青石蜂窝陶瓷型整体La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂,测试了该催化剂催化燃烧各类VOCs的特性。研究表明,VOCs催化燃烧的难易程度为:含氯烃〉烷烃〉酸〉芳烃〉酮〉酯〉醇〉醛。La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂对含氧有机化合物具有较好的催化活性,完全燃烧温度均在280℃之内。通过关联VOCs的理化性质,发现VOCs在La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的反应活性与VOCs分子中最弱C—H键键能和VOCs分子极性密切联系。 相似文献