碳高温还原解毒铬渣中CaCrO4的反应热力学研究

通过热力学分析与计算,确立了采用高温固相还原法,利用冶金废渣M作为还原剂,高温解毒铬渣中CaCrO4的还原反应.对比分析了C、CO对酸溶性CaCrO4与水溶性NazCrO4还原反应的吉布斯自由能和平衡常数变化,探讨了温度、压力对铬渣中CaCrO4还原反应的影响,升高温度、减小体系压力对CaCrO4的高温还原有利.     

Eco engineering for wastes treatment in process of alcohol production

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆｏｒａｌｏｎｇｔｉｍｅａｄｉｓｔｕｒｂｅｄｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｆｏｒｈｕｍａｎｂｅｉｎｇｓｔｏｆｉｎｄａｔｒａｄｅｏｆｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏ...     

作用于斜坡结构物上海冰荷载的三维计算

作用于斜坡结构物上的海冰荷载包括两部分：使冰板发生弯曲破坏的分力和使破裂冰块沿斜面上爬的分力。当结构物迎冰面的宽度小于冰的宽度时，冰与结构物之间的相互作用为三维问题。本文分析冰板作用于结构物时的三维破坏机理，建立一个通用的三维计算模式，并计算了给定的海冰条件作用于斜坡结构物上的冰荷载。     

用浮游藻类种群法评价珠江水域广州段水质

2002年3月至2003年7月对珠江广州段七个采样点的浮游藻类种群组成进行调查,经鉴定统计共有浮游藻类574种,总个体数为224 485个,分别隶属于裸藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门、硅藻门、金藻门.采用Lloyd-Ghelardi的均匀度指数对水质进行的评价.     

一种新型微生物除臭剂的垃圾除臭实验

从广州市李坑垃圾填埋场附近的土壤样品中分离到具明显除臭效果的4株菌，根据垃圾恶臭的主要成分研制了微生物除臭菌剂。该微生物除臭剂对氨气、硫化氢、总烃、臭气浓度、细菌总数的去除率分别可达到83．3％、80．7％、62．5％、86．8％、87．0％，应用在广州的棠下、员村环卫站的垃圾转运、压缩的处理过程中，取得了满意的除臭效果。     

渗滤湿地系统的工艺设计

本研究是以占地6公顷,日处理污水1400m~3的渗滤型芦苇湿地实验工程为依托,采用静态模拟与工程运转相结合的方法,着重对污水湿地处理系统BOD_5的生物降解模型进行研究,建立了确定Q值和K_T值的方法,提出了适于天津渗滤湿地系统的Q值和K_T值,为湿地系统设计提供了重要的科学依据.     

发展有机食品生产 保护农村生态环境

有机食品生产在全球蓬勃发展，发展大连有机食品生产，建设大连有机食品的基地，对发展大连可持续农业，保护大连农村生态环境意义重大。评议中谈及到大连市发展有机食品生产基地的必要性和可能性等方面。     

Use of life cycle assessment methodology for determining phytoremediation potentials of maize-based cropping systems in fields with nitrogen fertilizer over-dose

Using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, we analyzed the effects of different cropping systems (sole maize (CK), maize + soybean (CST) and maize + groundnut (CGT)) on the environment. The comprehensive index of environmental impacts varied in the order, sole maize > maize + groundnut > maize + soybean, with corresponding intercropping values of 0.1295, 0.1229 and 0.0945, respectively. The results showed that intercropping maize with suitable plants (e.g., groundnut and soybean) could reduce the adverse effects of over-application of nitrogen fertilizer on the environment. The study further showed that the LCA method may be a convenient and effective approach for analyzing the environmental impact of fertilizer management in agricultural fields.     

A novel extraction method for analysing available sulfamethoxazole in soil

A novel extraction method was established to determine the water-extractable (available) content of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in soil. The SMX imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesised and the performance was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and binding experiments. Results showed that the MIPs exhibited good selectivity for SMX, so the MIPs were applied as a sorbent. SMX in soil was extracted by water, sorbed from the extract to MIPs and analysed with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after its desorption from MIPs. Meanwhile, the classic organic solvent extraction was employed to measure the total SMX content in soil. Results showed that when SMX level in spiked soils varying from 1.0–500?μg?kg^?1, the observed recoveries of available SMX contents ranged from 63.27?±?3.11% to 82.11?±?2.77% (n?=?3), while the total SMX varied between 89.59?±?1.65% and 97.64?±?3.92% (n?=?3). The detection limit of the developed method for SMX in soils was 0.05?μg?kg^?1. Available SMX contents in five field soil samples ranged from 0.13 to 4.14?μg?kg^?1, which were only 0.35–25.40% of the respective total SMX contents. Results from this study manifest the importance of the extents of SMX immobilisation with different soils for assessing SMX's ecological and human health risks.