Hydrogen storage and distribution systems

Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels. Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace.     

废旧家电产品回收性能评价指标体系的建立

针对家电产品回收工艺流程决策评价的多阶段、多目标的特点,以及不同类型家电产品和不同回收工艺过程的动态特性,采用层次分类方法建立了以经济指标和环境指标为主要内容的回收工艺流程评价指标体系,对指标体系的组成进行了较为详细的分析,讨论了应该考虑的因素及有关计算方法。以电冰箱为例,用改进的模糊层次分析法与遗传算法相结合,介绍了回收工艺流程的优化决策方法。建立的指标体系不仅可以根据评价对象进行动态修改,而且具有较强的可操作性。     

高频电磁辐射防护材料的研究

电磁污染已经成为一种不容忽视的全球性社会公害。因此，本文通过测量多种材料在不同高频电磁场源（即高频设备）和不同距离时对高频电磁场的屏蔽效率，获得了大量数据，并对所测数据用最小二乘法进行拟合处理，绘出了这些材料在不同高频场源下的屏蔽效果曲线。经分析，筛选出经济实用的高频近区场个人防护材料，具有推广应用的价值。     

辽宁省环境区划方法和分区系统

根据全省自然环境和社会环境结构特征、分异规律、所存在的主要环境问题,依据区内相似性与区间差异性的基本原则,进行了三个层次的三级环境区划。研究各环境区的环境结构、环境特征与环境灾害、环境污染等问题之间的内在联系;揭示生态环境失调与人类生产活动之间的相互关系;探讨各环境区经济发展的环境负荷以及今后发展方向与途径;提出各环境区主要环境问题及其相应的防治、管理对策。     

氧化铝生产环境负荷指标及评价模型研究

针对氧化铝生产过程中的环境问题,建立了氧化铝生产环境负荷的资源消耗指标、能源消耗指标和环境排放指标。并就多产品环境负荷的分摊原则进行了说明。提出了定量计算氧化铝整个生产过程环境负荷的数学模型。用该模型不仅能计算出最终产品氧化铝的环境负荷,而且也可计算出各中间工序产品的环境负荷,这为改善氧化铝的环境负荷提供了依据。     

城市交通干线两侧机动车尾气污染状况分析

文中对PM10,SO2，NO2，CO四种污染因子，从时间、车流量、风力、气压、气温等方面进行影响分析，分析结果高浓度CO和NOx的污染出现在城市交通干道两侧和交通密集区域，上述四种污染园予在未来几年里仍然是环境空气中的主要污染物，危害城市人民正常生活的主要污染源，成为未来环境保护工作中的重点内容。     

室内常见气传真菌孢子的细胞毒性研究

分别以MTT比色法和细胞克隆形成率实验，观察了室内常见气传真菌孢子对中国仓鼠（CHL）肺上皮细胞的存活和增殖能力的影响，并通过检测细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活力，胞内Ca^2 ,K^ 含量，观察真菌孢子对细胞膜通透性的影响，结果表明，室内常见气传真菌孢子能显影响CHL细胞的活性，并可使细胞膜通透性发生改变，引起胞内LDH外渗，细胞内外离子发生交换，细胞内K^ 浓度降低，而细胞外的Ca^2 有内流的趋势。     

Alteration in Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Afforested <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamnus lycioides</Emphasis> Seedlings in Short-Term Response to Mycorrhizal Inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glomus intraradices</Emphasis> and Organic Amendment

The reestablisment of autochthonous plant species is an essential strategy for recovering degraded areas under semiarid conditions. A field experiment was carried out to assess the short-term effect of two reafforestation methods involving mycorrhizal inoculation and compost addition on soil quality parameters and Rhamnus lycioides seedling growth. The nutrient content (NPK) and enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease-BAA, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) increased and bulk density decreased in the rhizosphere soil with the organic amendment. Biomass C of rhizosphere soil increased by at least 240% with respect to the control soil after mycorrhizal inoculation and the combination of compost addition + mycorrhizal inoculation. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and composted organic residue addition increased R. lycioides seedling growth in the same proportion. In the short term, we conclude that the application of both reafforestation methods not only enhances the establishment of R. lycioides seedlings, but also improves soil quality.     

生物技术在油气田环境污染治理中的应用

介绍了生物技术及其在环境污染治理中的应用状况，根据我国油气田环境污染治理现状，提出了生物技术在我国油气田环境污染治理中重点研究的方向和步骤以及应用前景。     

三峡库区地质灾害监测技术及展望

笔者综述了三峡库区地质灾害监测技术的应用现状。在论述当前地质灾害监测技术存在的问题的基础上,提出了新型的基于Internet的地质灾害远程、集中监测系统,并详细讨论了该技术的原理、结构、应用前景以及功能完善和发展方向。新型安全监测系统的使用可有效防止库区地质灾害的发生,控制其潜在危害;提高库区整体预警管理水平,有效增强防灾减灾能力;显著降低库区安全监测系统运行成本。