重庆地区酸沉降对建筑涂料的影响

本文研究了重庆地区酸性沉降物对建筑外墙涂料的涂膜附着强度、色差及外观的影响;探讨了涂膜附着强度下降率与酸雨雨量之间的相关性;优选出了适合于重庆地区的外墙涂料。     

新疆北部浅成低温热液型金矿床成矿地球化学特征初探

产于晚古生代火山岩中的浅成低温热液型金矿床是新疆北部近期发现的一个重要的金成矿类型。通过对本区部分浅成低温热液型金矿的容矿火山岩岩石化学成分、REE分布模式、硫同位素、氢同位素、氧同位素和锶同位素及流体包裹体成分的分析与对比．讨论了其基本成矿地球化学特征,并揭示了本区浅成低温热液型金矿床与我国东部地区某些产于中生代陆相火山岩中的同类型金矿床在成矿地球化学特征上存在的一些差异。     

Combined zero valent iron and hydrogen peroxide conditioning significantly enhances the dewaterability of anaerobic digestate

The importance of enhancing sludge dewaterability is increasing due to the considerable impact of excess sludge volume on disposal costs and on overall sludge management. This study presents an innovative approach to enhance dewaterability of anaerobic digestate(AD) harvested from a wastewater treatment plant. The combination of zero valent iron(ZVI, 0–4.0 g/g total solids(TS)) and hydrogen peroxide(HP, 0–90 mg/g TS) under pH 3.0 significantly enhanced the AD dewaterability. The largest enhancement of AD dewaterability was achieved at 18 mg HP/g TS and 2.0 g ZVI/g TS, with the capillary suction time reduced by up to 90%. Economic analysis suggested that the proposed HP and ZVI treatment has more economic benefits in comparison with the classical Fenton reaction process. The destruction of extracellular polymeric substances and cells as well as the decrease of particle size were supposed to contribute to the enhanced AD dewaterability by HP + ZVI conditioning.     

藻类打捞对太湖聚藻区湖泛发生的影响

藻类打捞是多年来控制太湖沿岸藻源性湖泛的主要措施,为科学地指导藻类的打捞、防止湖泛的发生,采用能够模拟太湖风浪与沉积物再悬浮的大型装置,模拟湖泛易发的藻类聚集量下不同打捞频率(1次/d～1次/6 d)对湖泛发生时水体主要视觉指标和敏感指标〔ρ(DO)、E_h、ρ(Fe2+)、ρ(TFe)、ρ(∑S2-)等〕的影响. 结果表明:1次/d和1次/2 d的高打捞频率能够有效预防湖泛的发生,当第4天对照组发生湖泛时,1次/d和1次/2 d打捞频率下ρ(DO)为0.60和0.06,E_h为48和37,ρ(Fe2+)是对照组的79.3%和90.7%,ρ(TFe)是对照组的64.8%和72.3%,ρ(∑S2-)是对照组的62.03%和64.56%;1次/3 d频率虽不能控制湖泛的发生,但能有效推迟湖泛发生时间约2~3 d;而1次/4 d～1次/6 d的低打捞频率既不能预防也不能推迟湖泛的发生. 研究显示,在2.5 kg/(m2·d)鲜藻聚集速率下,1次/2 d的打捞频率是在控制湖泛发生前提下的最经济打捞频率.      

羟基自由基快速致死水华针杆藻的研究

库区、河流富营养化加剧,水华频繁爆发形成的高藻水已严重威胁饮用水的安全.本文利用大气压强电离放电高效生成的氧活性粒子(OASs),通过高压射流器将其注入到处理高藻水的主管路中,生成羟基自由基(·OH),同时·OH对引起水华的针杆藻(Synedra sp.)进行杀灭.采用荧光染色、测定光合能力等生物学方法,确定·OH致死针杆藻的阈值浓度及致死时间.结果显示,当初始藻细胞密度为10×104、50×104和100×104cells·m L-1,致死阈值浓度分别为0.25、0.71和1.18 mg·L-1,而最大光量子产率Fv/Fm的值在1 s内由0.50迅速减小为不能检出,表明可在运输高藻水的管路中完成·OH的处理过程.本研究表明,·OH快速致死的方法可高效地处理高藻水.     

Biofilm response and removal via the coupling of visible-light-driven photocatalysis and biodegradation in an environment of sulfamethoxazole and Cr(VI)

The widespread contamination of water systems with antibiotics and heavy metals has gained much attention. Intimately coupled visible -light-responsive photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) provides a novel approach for removing such mixed pollutants. In ICPB, the photocatalysis products are biodegraded by a protected biofilm, leading to the mineralization of refractory organics. In the present study, the ICPB approach exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and biodegradation, providing up to ∼1.27 times the degradation rate of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and 1.16 times the Cr(VI) reduction rate of visible-light-induced photocatalysis . Three-dimensional fluorescence analysis demonstrated the synergistic ICPB effects of photocatalysis and biodegradation for removing SMX and reducing Cr(VI). In addition, the toxicity of the SMX intermediates and Cr(VI) in the ICPB process significantly decreased. The use of MoS₂/CoS₂ photocatalyst accelerated the separation of electrons and holes, with•O₂^– and h⁺ attacking SMX and e^– reducing Cr(VI), providing an effective means for enhancing the removal and mineralization of these mixed pollutants via the ICPB technique. The microbial community results demonstrate that bacteria that are conducive to pollutant removal are were enriched by the acclimation and ICPB operation processes, thus significantly improving the performance of the ICPB system.     

经济系统对资源环境影响的评价指标体系研究

当前经济系统运行对资源环境支撑的需求越来越大。以致原有的资源存量和环境容量变得越来越相对有限,甚至影响到经济系统本身的运行。采用将经济系统视为1个相对独立的系统,将其对资源环境的影响作为经济系统的属性来进行考察和评价。在进行指标评价的过程中,将经济系统按运行环节划分为生产、消费、还原3个子系统,影响指标的选取分为物质、能源、环境3个维度,同时还兼顾了经济系统结构的影响,由此构建出新的评价指标体系。在评价过程中用熵值法突出变化较大的指标的权重。最后的案例分析得出北京市1995～2004年间经济系统对资源环境的影响呈逐渐下降趋势的结论,并给出了相关的原因分析。     

区域洪灾风险评价体系研究

针对国内外区域洪灾风险评价缺少系统规范体系现状,基于洪灾生命损失评价、经济损失评价,构建起以洪灾损失为核心的动态实用性的区域洪灾风险评价体系,实现由控制洪水向洪水管理转变.给出耦合致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体的区域洪灾风险定义,探讨了基于洪水分析、易损性分析、损失分析的区域洪灾风险评价流程图.针对区域洪灾风险评价不确定性,从被动破坏损失、主动防御减灾角度提出系统量化的区域洪灾损失经济评价指标,结合研究体系应用实际,给出区域洪灾风险评价体系的进一步完善策略.     

Air pollution and body burden of persistent organic pollutants at an electronic waste recycling area of China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This paper reviews the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in atmosphere of an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling town, Guiyu, in...     

Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom

In page 2357 of the published paper(Shen Q S, et al. Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2013, 25(12): 2353-2360), the units of the Fe²⁺ and Oxal-Fe²⁺ in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 5 should be "mg/g" rather than "mg/kg".