Multi-templates surface molecularly imprinted polymer for simultaneous and rapid determination of sulfonamides and quinolones in water: effect of carbon-carbon double bond

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, the effect of a carrier modified with a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) on preparing multi-templates surface molecularly imprinted...     

Suppressing SO3 formation in copper smelting flue gas by ejecting pyrite into flue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - SO3 in the copper smelting flue gas not only causes serious corrosion in heat exchange and dust collection equipment but also increases the amount of...     

水库水深变化对不同浮游微生物群落及网络互作关键种的影响

为揭示水库水深变化对不同浮游微生物类群多样性及生态网络的影响,于2021年在横山水库采集表层及深层水样,利用16S和18S rDNA分子标记进行高通量测序,探究水深变化对不同微生物类群群落结构、种间互作网络和关键种的影响机制.结果发现,横山水库表层(0.5 m)和深层(5 m)中细菌群落多样性(Richness、 Simpson、 Shannon和Pielou’s Evenness指数)均高于真核微生物群落.细菌群落在不同水深处的主要优势物种为变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门,其相对丰度在门水平上无明显差异;真核微生物群落在不同水深处群落组成基本相同,但其相对丰度差异较大,包括节肢动物门、纤毛门和淡色藻门等.此外,表层水体微生物网络的图密度、平均聚类系数等均高于深层,表明表层微生物物种间具有较强的关联性,能够较好地传递物质、能量和信息,且对外界变化的响应速度更快;细菌群落分子生态网络节点和边的数量、关键物种数目和种类均高于真核微生物群落,表明细菌群落网络规模更大,种间协同合作关系和网络连通性更强.不同水深处的细菌群落和真核微生物群落间相互作用皆以正相关为主导,两个类群在水库深层的负相关性均...     

Nutrients regeneration pathway, release potential, transformation pattern and algal utilization strategies jointly drove cyanobacterial growth and their succession

In order to better understand the contribution of nutrients regeneration pathway, release potential and transformation pattern to cyanobacterial growth and succession, 7 sampling sites in Lake Chaohu with different bloom degree were studied every two months from February to November 2018. The carbon, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) forms or fractions in surface, interstitial water and sediments as well as extracellular enzymatic activities, P sorption, specific microbial abundance and community composition in sediments were analyzed. P regeneration pathway was dominated by iron-bound P desorption and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solubilization in severe-bloom and slight-bloom area respectively, which both resulted in high soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) accumulation in interstitial water. However, in severe-bloom area, higher P release potential caused the strong P release and algal growth, compared to slight-bloom area. In spring, P limitation and N selective assimilation of Dolichospermum facilitated nitrate accumulation in surface water, which provided enough N source for the initiation of Microcystis bloom. In summer, the accumulated organic N in Dolichospermum cells during its bloom was re-mineralized as ammonium to replenish N source for the sustainable development of Microcystis bloom. Furthermore, SRP continuous release led to the replacement of Dolichospermum by Microcystis with the advantage of P quick utilization, transport and storage. Taken together, the succession from Dolichospermum to Microcystis was due to both the different forms of N and P in water column mediated by different regeneration and transformation pathways as well as release potential, and algal N and P utilization strategies.     

中国稻田土壤镉污染及务农性暴露概率风险

为了解中国稻田土壤镉污染时空变异特征及其务农性接触的健康风险,对1991~2017年发表的205篇有关稻田土壤镉调查文献进行系统回顾,并采用USEPA推荐的健康风险评估概率模型对健康风险进行评估.结果表明,全国稻田土壤镉平均浓度[（0.54±1.38）mg/kg]显著高于全国表层土壤镉背景值（0.097mg/kg）.虽未见显著的时间变异（β=-0.002,95%置信区间：-0.025~0.022）,但不同地区和不同人为扰动下的稻田土壤镉浓度存在较大异质性：华南[（0.88±1.59）mg/kg]>西南[（0.46±0.85）mg/kg]>华东[（0.44±1.45）mg/kg]>华北[（0.36±1.05）mg/kg]>东北[（0.35±0.83）mg/kg]>西北[（0.01±0.05）mg/kg]和矿冶[（1.77±2.18）mg/kg]>其他工业活动[（0.64±1.22）mg/kg]>电子垃圾拆解[（0.59±0.87）mg/kg]>污灌[（0.57±1.26）mg/kg]>交通[（0.56±0.86）mg/kg]>常规稻田[（0.25±0.34）mg/kg].除西北地区外,各地区稻田土壤镉浓度均出现不同程度的超标现象,尤其华南地区34%条土壤镉浓度数据超过农用地土壤镉污染风险管制值（1.5mg/kg）.土壤镉务农性接触的非致癌风险（HQ<<1）处于可接受水平,其中皮肤接触是主要途径,女性是务农性土壤镉暴露的高风险人群,华南和西南地区是务农性土壤镉暴露的高风险地区.     

室内木柴燃烧排放水溶性离子粒径分布特征

基于实验室模拟燃烧和稀释通道采样系统,采用荷电低压撞击采样器采集了6种典型木柴燃烧排放的14级粒径段颗粒物.采用离子色谱分析了8种水溶性离子,获得水溶性离子的分粒径排放因子和排放特征.结果表明,Ca²⁺的排放因子呈双峰分布,在0.25~0.38和2.5~3.6μm粒径段出现峰值,分别为0.14和0.16mg/kg.其余离子的排放因子为单峰分布.NH₄⁺、NO₃^-和SO₄^2-的排放因子在0.25~0.38μm粒径段出现峰值,分别为0.41、0.58和0.84mg/kg.K⁺和Cl^-的排放因子在0.15~0.25μm内出现峰值,分别为0.89和0.99mg/kg.木柴燃烧排放总水溶性离子的质量中值粒径为（0.30±0.07）μm,各离子的质量中值粒径范围为0.24~0.44μm.PM_0.094、PM_0.94、PM_2.5和PM₁₀中水溶性离子的排放因子变化范围分别为1.04~9.33、5.00~48.87、5.46~52.00和6.14~53.68mg/kg.木柴燃烧排放颗粒物中K⁺/Cl^-、K⁺/NO₃^-、K⁺/SO₄^2-和SO₄^2-/NO₃^-比值随粒径变化而变化,其排放初始值在应用于源解析和生物质燃烧排放气溶胶传输老化研究时需引起关注.木柴燃烧排放PM₁₀中的阴阳离子当量比值为0.80±0.11,颗粒物的酸度随颗粒物粒径而改变,亚微米颗粒物和细颗粒物的酸度高于超细颗粒物和粗颗粒物的酸度.本研究对构建生物质燃烧排放分粒径水溶性离子清单,更新和改进相关气候和空气质量模型的参数设置,识别烟气传输过程中的老化具有重要意义.     

基于摩擦纳米发电机的微塑料实时检测实验研究

采用基于自供电的摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)技术,设计开发了一种利用间断液柱检测水样内微塑料颗粒尺寸和丰度的实时快速检测方法和装置,并通过实验测试完成了对微塑料的尺寸形貌表征和化学元素组成的实时高效检测.研究发现,去离子水中加入微塑料颗粒时,溶液中zeta电位降低,改变了管壁表面的极化电场方向;随着水溶液中微塑料颗粒直径或丰度的增加,开路电压呈现减小趋势,50μm时减小了43.1%,0.250%浓度时减小了79.6%;微塑料颗粒对自来水的开路电压影响显著,以10μm微塑料颗粒为例,开路电压减小了20%,证明了TENG技术对海洋微塑料检测的可行性.     

Competing pathways of cresol formation in toluene photooxidation: OH-toluene adducts react with NO2 or with O2?

Methyl-hydroxy-cyclohexadienyl radicals (OTAs) are the key products of the photooxidation of toluene, with implications for the fate of toluene. Hence, we investigated the photooxidation mechanisms and kinetics of three main OTAs (o-OTA, m-OTA, and p-OTA) with NO₂ using quantum chemical calculations as well as the fate of OTAs under the different concentration ratios of NO₂ and O₂. The mechanism results show that the pathway of H-abstraction by NO₂ to anti-HONO (anti-H-abstraction) is more favorable than the syn-H-abstraction pathway, because the strong interaction between OTAs and NO₂ is formed in the transition states of the anti-H-abstraction pathways. The branching ratios of the anti-H-abstraction pathways are more than 99% in the temperature range of 216−298 K. The total rate constant of the OTA-NO₂ reaction is 9.9 × 10⁻¹² cm³/(molecule∙sec) at 298 K, which is contributed about 90% by o-OTA + NO₂, and the main products are o-cresol and anti-HONO. The half-lives of the OTA-NO₂ reaction in some polluted areas of China are 35 times longer than those of the OTA-O₂ reaction. In the atmosphere, the NO₂- and O₂- initiated reactions of OTAs have the same ability to form cresols as [NO₂] is up to 142.1 ppmV, which is impossible to achieve. It implies that under the experimental condition, the [NO₂]/[O₂] should be controlled to be less than 7.8 × 10⁻⁵ to simulate real atmospheric oxidation of toluene. Our results reveal that for the photooxidation of toluene, the yield of cresol is not affected by the concentration of NO₂ under the atmospheric environment.     

Response of PM2.5-bound elemental species to emission variations and associated health risk assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic in a coastal megacity

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting the world from many aspects. In this study, the impact of emission variations on PM_2.5-bound elemental species and health risks associated to inhalation exposure has been analyzed based on real-time measurements at a remote coastal site in Shanghai during the pandemic. Most trace elemental species decreased significantly and displayed almost no diel peaks during the lockdown. After the lockdown, they rebounded rapidly, of which V and Ni even exceeded the levels before the lockdown, suggesting the recovery of both inland and shipping activities. Five sources were identified based on receptor modeling. Coal combustion accounted for more than 70% of the measured elemental concentrations before and during the lockdown. Shipping emissions, fugitive/mineral dust, and waste incineration all showed elevated contributions after the lockdown. The total non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) for the target elements exceeded the risk threshold for both children and adults with chloride as the predominant species contributing to HQ. Whereas, the total carcinogenic risk (TR) for adults was above the acceptable level and much higher than that for children. Waste incineration was the largest contributor to HQ, while manufacture processing and coal combustion were the main sources of TR. Lockdown control measures were beneficial for lowering the carcinogenic risk while unexpectedly increased the non-carcinogenic risk. From the perspective of health effects, priorities of control measures should be given to waste incineration, manufacture processing, and coal combustion. A balanced way should be reached between both lowering the levels of air pollutants and their health risks.