土地利用变化对喀斯特水体溶解无机碳、总氮和总磷输出的影响——以贵州普定沙湾模拟试验场为例

耦联水生光合作用的碳酸盐岩风化碳汇是全球碳循环研究的关键问题,生物碳泵效应不仅能够稳定碳酸盐风化碳汇,也有利于改善水环境,而过量输入氮、磷会导致水环境变差。土地利用变化作为全球变化重要内容之一,对流域碳氮磷的输出具有重要影响,但关于土地利用变化对喀斯特水体溶解无机碳、总氮和总磷输出影响的研究有待进一步加强。本研究以贵州普定沙湾喀斯特试验场为研究对象,以研究土地利用变化对水文、水化学、溶解无机碳汇通量、总氮通量和总磷通量的影响。结果表明,流量、径流深、土壤CO₂浓度、pCO₂、HCO^-₃浓度和电导率呈现出夏秋季节高、春冬季节低的变化特征,与pH变化相反。样地间,土壤CO₂浓度、pCO₂、HCO^-₃浓度和电导率表现为草地>灌丛地>农耕地>裸土地>裸岩地,与pH变化相反。参与岩溶作用的土壤CO₂是造成水化学变化的主要原因。溶解无机碳汇通量和总氮通量呈现出夏秋季节高、春冬季节...     

大气中铁、锰液相催化氧化二氧化硫动力学

研究了ｐｈ在３－５的范围内，大气浓度水平下、铁、锰和铁锰共存时的注相催化氧化的动力学，发现在不同的条件下反应级数，表观反应速率常数和活化能不同，证实了铁，锰对Ｓ（Ⅳ）的液相催化氧化有明显的协同作用，并给出了许多反应体系的经验速率表达式。     

基于循环经济理念的煤炭型老工业基地振兴的研究与分析——华丰煤矿为例

华丰煤矿就其地理位置，资源条件和社会环境而言，发展循环经济有着独特优势。按照发展循环经济的要求，充分合理的开发利用资源是当前落实科学发展观所迫切需要解决的问题，发展循环经济需要市场机制与煤矿系统的双重作用，尤其离不开煤矿系统的推进。     

崖角藤的化学成分

从天南星科崖角藤茎95%乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,通过波谱数据鉴定为羽扇豆醇乙酸酯(1)、羽扇豆醇(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、桦木醇(4)、桦木酸(5)、硬脂酸(6)、ficubee A(7)、ficubee B(8)、artelastin(9)和β-胡萝卜苷(10).     

农家乐生态旅游发展与环境保护博弈分析

近年来农家乐旅游作为一种新兴的生态旅游在中国农村地区迅速发展,但是由于缺乏经验指导。目前也遇到了很多问题,其中环境问题尤为显著,如：垃圾废物随意排放、土地利用混乱带来的水土流失、农民只追求经济利益而引起的环境过度负荷等。本文以农家乐生态旅游的可持续发展为根本出发点,从农家乐旅游相关各方的利益关系出发,分别对参与农家乐生态旅游的农户之间、参与与不参与农家乐生态旅游的农户之间以及当地政府与参与农家乐旅游的农户之间进行了简单博弈分析,从而为农家乐旅游目的地的环境保护管理工作提出了一定的可行性观点。     

控释掺混肥对菜田土壤脲酶和氮转化功能基因影响及硝酸盐淋溶削减研究

以西蓝花为对象,研究了露地菜田不同施肥方式下土壤氮转化酶、氮转化功能基因及氮吸收量的差异,监测了西蓝花生育期内不同时期0～100 cm 土壤硝态氮含量动态变化.结果表明:①施氮处理(CF、CU80％和CU60％)土壤脲酶活性是缺氮处理(PK)的1.78～3.11倍,差异显著(p＜0.05),并且其AOA、AOB、nir...     

背角无齿蚌AwPrx4A基因克隆及在PFOS和PFOA胁迫下的表达分析

硫氧化蛋白过氧化物酶(Prx)可以将过氧化氢、有机过氧化物和过氧化合物分别转化为水、乙醇和亚硝酸盐,是机体一种重要的抗氧化蛋白。为了探讨全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)对背角无齿蚌的胁迫效应,背角无齿蚌随机分为对照组、PFOS处理组和PFOA处理组;同时克隆出AwPrx4A全基因序列,分析PFOS和PFOA对AwPrx4A表达的影响。背角无齿蚌AwPrx4A cDNA全长由958个核苷酸组成,包含1个120 bp的5’非编码区,1个412 bp的3’非编码区和1个426 bp的开放阅读框,开放阅读框为由142个氨基酸组成的多肽链。PFOS和PFOA对背角无齿蚌的LC50分别为28.388和192.083 mg·L~(-1)。与对照组相比,浓度6.25、12.5、25、50和100 mg·L~(-1)的PFOS处理后,实验观察过程中肝胰腺中AwPrx4A mRNA水平分别增加了18.75%、2.85倍(P 0.05)、5.08倍(P 0.01)、5.52倍(P 0.01)和6.77倍(P 0.01)以上。与对照组相比,浓度50、100、200、400和800 mg·L~(-1)的PFOA处理后,实验观察过程中肝胰腺AwPrx4A mRNA水平分别增加了20.83%、2.21倍(P 0.01)、2.25倍(P 0.01)、3.19倍(P 0.01)和5.64倍(P 0.01)以上。与对照组相比,PFOS和PFOA处理后鳃中AwPrx4A mRNA水平分别增加了61.61%(P 0.05)和59.59%(P 0.05)以上。与对照组相比,PFOS和PFOA处理后血淋巴中AwPrx4A mRNA水平分别增加了47.42%和20.61%以上。结果表明,PFOS和PFOA处理对背角无齿蚌AwPrx4A表达具有明显的诱导作用,其原因与对抗PFOS和PFOA的胁迫效应有关。     

环境权初探

环境权是一项基本人权，具有多价值取向和丰富内涵。环境权包括公民环境权，法人及其他组织环境权，国家环境权和人类环境权等。中国环境权之现状及改进进行了研究。     

Air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry in Beijing, China

Improving our understanding of air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry is critical for the development and implementation of pollution control policies. In this study, the spatial distribution of potential maximum emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures, as well as the particulate matter (PM), asphalt fume, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), VOCs, and benzoapyrene (BaP) emissions from typical processes (e.g., asphalt and concrete mixing stations, asphalt heating boilers, and asphalt storage tanks) in asphalt mixing plants, were determined in Beijing in 2017. The results indicated that the potential maximum emissions of VOCs in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures were 18,001 ton, with a large contribution from the districts of Daxing, Changping, and Tongzhou. The total emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, VOCs, and BaP from asphalt mixing plants were 3.1, 12.6, 3.1, 23.5, and 1.9 × 10^?3 ton, respectively. The emissions of PM from asphalt and concrete mixing stations contributed the most to the total emissions. The asphalt storage tank was the dominant emission source of VOCs, accounting for 96.1% of the total VOCs emissions in asphalt mixing plants, followed by asphalt heating boilers. The districts of Daxing, Changping, and Shunyi were the dominant regions for the emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, and BaP, while the districts of Shunyi, Tongzhou, and Changping contributed the most emissions of VOCs.     

CFD simulation study on gas dispersion for risk assessment: A case study of sour gas well blowout

Compared with general blowout, the process of sour gas well blowout is more complex. The exchange of gas state is affected by many factors, and the consequences of the accident are serious. It is difficult to find out the rule of gas dispersion and predict the distribution of toxic gas. Fluent code was used to model the sour gas dispersion in the atmosphere after well blowout. The “12.23” sour gas well blowout, which was happened in Kai County, Chongqing, Sichuan, China, was the research background. The blowout accident model was set up to simulate the real process. Models were built based on real topography. Wind speed and atmospheric stability of the day which the accident happened were set as the operation conditions, and the composition, injection rate, and temperature of the gas at the actual time were set as the boundary conditions of numerical simulation. The analysis of gas dispersion based on simulation results conducted from two aspects, height and dispersion time. A comparison of field data with simulation data demonstrated that CFD technology can be an effective aid to describe the process of sour gas dispersion and can also predict the tendency of gas dispersion and gas distribution. Furthermore, it can provide guidance on design emergency response zone (ERZ).