应用qPCR方法检测中国近海塔玛亚历山大藻复合种的研究

亚历山大藻属的部分藻种(Alexandrium spp.)能够产生麻痹性贝毒毒素(PST),是重要的有害藻华(HAB)原因种.由于亚历山大藻属中的有毒和无毒藻种形态相似,且海水中亚历山大藻的细胞密度通常很低,因此,高灵敏度、高特异性的分子生物学方法在亚历山大藻检测方面具有重要的应用前景.塔玛亚历山大藻和链状亚历山大藻是中国近海主要的有毒亚历山大藻藻种,大多属于塔玛亚历山大藻复合种第四类核糖体型(GroupⅣ,以往称为“亚洲温带核糖体型”).因此,本研究尝试将实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法用于我国近海塔玛亚历山大藻复合种(GroupⅣ)的快速检测,并对方法的特异性和灵敏度进行了检验.研究表明,所建立的qPCR方法能够特异性地检测我国近海不同海域分离的塔玛亚历山大藻复合种(GroupⅣ),方法具有良好的线性响应关系和较高的灵敏度,最低可检出5个藻细胞,具有良好的应用前景.然而,实验也发现,自我国近海分离的塔玛亚历山大藻复合种的不同藻株之间,以及处于不同生长阶段的藻细胞之间,qPCR检测结果存在显著差异,反映了目标藻核糖体RNA基因拷贝数的差异和变化对qPCR检测结果的影响.因此,建议在将qPCR方法用于不同海域亚历山大藻样品检测时,应采用该海域分离的藻株专门构建标准工作曲线,以减小定量分析误差.     

Long-term projection of future climate change over the twenty-first century in the Sahara region in Africa under four Shared Socio-Economic Pathways scenarios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Climate change affects air quality and people’s health. Therefore, accurate prediction of future climate change is of great significance for...     

五氯苯酚对淡水双壳类背角无齿蚌 ρ 型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶表达的影响

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)在机体抗击氧化应激中发挥重要作用。前期研究表明,五氯苯酚(PCP)处理对背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)具有显著的氧化应激和急性毒性效应。为了探讨PCP慢性毒性效应,本研究将背角无齿蚌随机分为对照组和PCP处理组,PCP处理组和对照组分别用13.9 mg·L~(-1)和相同体积二甲亚砜处理;同时,克隆出ρ型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶并命名为ρ-GST,分析PCP对ρ-GST表达的影响。ρ-GST全长c DNA包含一个57 bp的5’端非编码区,291 bp的3’端非编码区和678 bp的开放阅读框。ρ-GST在背角无齿蚌斧足、外套膜、闭壳肌、心脏、肝胰腺、血淋巴和鳃中广泛表达。与对照组相比,PCP处理后肝胰腺ρ-GST mRNA在第1天、第3天和第15天分别增加18.18%、82.88%(P<0.05)和2.43倍(P<0.01); PCP处理后鳃中ρ-GST mRNA水平增加1.44倍以上(P<0.05); PCP处理后血淋巴中ρ-GST mRNA水平显著上调。背角无齿蚌ρ-GST表达水平上调有助于对抗PCP处理所产生的应激效应,提高动物环境耐受能力。     

淡水双壳类背角无齿蚌AwHSP70基因克隆及多溴联苯醚-47对其表达的影响

热休克蛋白(HSP)参与蛋白质折叠、细胞膜转位和错误折叠蛋白质降解等过程,提高动物对环境的应激能力和适应能力。前期研究表明,多溴联苯醚-47(PBDE-47)对背角无齿蚌具有显著的氧化应激和急性毒性效应,为探讨PBDE-47慢性毒性效应;将背角无齿蚌随机分为对照组和PBDE-47处理组,处理组用3.36μg·L~(-1)浓度的PBDE-47进行处理,对照组用相同体积的二甲亚砜进行处理;克隆出AwHSP70基因,分析PBDE-47对AwHSP70表达的影响。结果显示,AwHSP70具有HSP70家族的标签序列,广泛分布于斧足、鳃、肝胰脏、闭壳肌、心脏、血淋巴和外套膜。PBDE-47处理可导致肝胰脏、鳃和血细胞中AwHSP70 mRNA水平显著升高。与对照组相比,PBDE-47处理组肝胰脏中AwHSP70 mRNA水平在1～15 d内增加2. 79倍(P<0.01)以上;鳃中AwHSP70 mRNA水平增加3.06倍(P<0.01)以上;血淋巴中AwHSP70表达增加1.81倍(P<0.05)以上。背角无齿蚌上调AwHSP70表达有助于增强动物对PBDE-47的耐受能力。     

Recyling manganese-rich electrolytic residues: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Huge amounts of manganese-rich solid residues are yearly produced worldwide by industrial electrolysis, calling for advanced methods of recycling in the context of...     

CuO/γ-Al2O3脱硫动力学研究

研究了CuO/γ-Al2O3脱硫剂脱除烟气中SO2的反应动力学。采用浸渍法制备了CuO/(γ-Al2O3)为0.12g/g脱硫剂,X-射线衍射(XRD)表明CuO呈亚单层状态分布。0.12gCuO/g(γ-Al2O3)脱硫剂硫化反应的等压吸附表明,在100～300℃、300～550℃、550～800℃范围内,SO2的吸附性质分别为物理吸附、化学吸附、化学脱附。针对化学吸附过程,提出了Langmuir反应动力学模型。计算得到SO2的反应级数为1级,活化能Ea为19.98kJ/moL,指前因子K0为9.97×10-5s-1.Pa-1。模型检验显示Langmuir反应动力学模型可以很好地描述CuO/(γ-Al2O3)为0.12g/g脱硫剂硫化过程中CuO与SO2的反应。     

长白山低山丘陵区生态农业建设与小流域治理——以吉林省柳河试验区为例

吉林省柳河试验区是长白山低山丘陵区域的典型代表。本文在分析了该试验区的农业自然条件及其存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了生态农业建设与小流域综合治理的技术模式,并报道了初步实施结果     

Surfactant effect on persistence of oxadiazolyl 3(2H)-pyridazinones against Pseudaletia separata walker

The photodynamic decomposition of two new insect-growth inhibitors (IGRs), 2-tert-butyl-5-[5'-aryl-2'-(1',3',4'-oxadiazolyl)methoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinones (OPB) and its 4-chloro substituted derivative (OPC), and effect of surfactants on persistence of their bioactivity were taken into investigation. Both chemicals were significantly induced to photolysis by ultraviolet light at 365 nm wavelength and their inhibitory activities against Pseudaletia separata larvae decreased with the increasing irradiation time. However, irradiation at 254 nm wavelength didn't cause their photodegradation. Triton X-100 and Succinic-sulfonie acidic sodium but not Tween 60 possessed strong capability to slow down the decomposition and obviously prolonged the half life of OPC in laboratory and field whilst effects of the three surfactants almost did not preserve the inhibitory activity of OPB. Data suggested that electron-withdrawing halogen (-Cl) on the pi electron system in planar benzene-oxadialyl structures might reduce the efficiency of OPC on ultraviolet (UV) photoabsorption, and its hydrophobic interaction with the surfactants might be beneficial for forming stable micellar solubilization, thus sustaining the chemical's bioactivity.     

Continuous electrocoagulation degradation of oily wastewater with Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbons

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The oily wastewater was treated by electrocoagulation with Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbons as anode and graphite plates as cathode under such processing...     

渤海湾盆地垦东凸起油源对比与成藏条件研究

根据垦东凸起原油及其周围生油凹陷烃源岩的色谱、色质等多种地球化学分析结果 ,确认了桩东凹陷沙三段是其最重要的油源凹陷 ,来自桩东凹陷的石油资源占该凸起总资源的四分之三以上 ,其次为沾化凹陷孤南洼陷和莱州湾凹陷 ,而青东凹陷的贡献很小。通过已知油藏分布的控制因素分析 ,总结了该区石油成藏条件及其富集高产原因 ,预测了油藏分布规律 ,指出了有利勘探方向。垦东凸起油源对比及成藏条件研究成果对渤海湾盆地其它类似地区的高凸起成藏研究具有一定的参考价值