硫化物对电镀厂铬污染土壤的稳定化效果及其机理研究

以某电镀厂旧址内的铬(Cr)污染土壤为研究对象,分别添加多硫化钙(CPS)、硫化钠(Na2S)以及焦亚硫酸钠(Na_2S_2O_5)3种硫化物稳定剂,探究3种稳定剂不同投加摩尔比对土壤中Cr的价态变化、浸出毒性和形态分布的影响.结果表明:CPS对Cr(Ⅵ)还原效果最佳,当CPS投加摩尔比为3时,土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)含量从1587.5 mg·kg-1减少至12.43 mg·kg~(-1),还原效率高达99.2%,然而相同条件下Na_2S和Na_2S_2O_5对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原效率仅分别为55.6%和74.5%.CPS对Cr(Ⅵ)和总Cr稳定效率最高,当CPS投加摩尔比为3时,浸出Cr(Ⅵ)和总Cr浓度分别为0.02mg·L~(-1)和0.32 mg·L~(-1),Cr(Ⅵ)和总Cr稳定效率分别为99.8%和99.1%,此时Cr(Ⅵ)浓度满足GB/T 14848-93《地下水水质标准》规定的限值.相同投加摩尔比下Na2S和Na_2S_2O_5对Cr(Ⅵ)稳定效率分别仅为63.0%和98.9%,对总Cr稳定效率分别为66.5%和77.2%;浸出Cr(Ⅵ)和总Cr浓度随着CPS和Na2S投加摩尔比的增加而降低,然而随着Na_2S_2O_5投加摩尔比的增加,浸出Cr(Ⅵ)浓度持续下降,但总Cr浓度不断升高.CPS和Na2S稳定化后土壤中Cr的有机物结合态变化不大(p0.05)、铁锰氧化物结合态显著增加(p0.05).硫化物稳定剂稳定化后土壤中Cr的可交换态含量的变化是影响浸出总Cr浓度变化的主要原因.基于3种硫化物稳定剂对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)还原效率、Cr(Ⅵ)和总Cr稳定效率和Cr的可交换态含量的影响,CPS投加摩尔比为3时,对该电镀厂铬污染土壤的稳定化效果最佳.     

四氯化硅综合利用模式的建立与可行性分析

随着国内多晶硅产业的快速发展,多晶硅主要副产物四氯化硅的环境污染问题日益突出,有效利用四氯化硅、减少环境污染是当前急需解决的问题。提出了采用循环经济理念,建立以多晶硅产业为中心的生态工业园区来解决四氯化硅综合利用难题,并从技术、经济和政策上作可行性分析,得出建立以多晶硅产业为中心的生态工业园区是解决我国多晶硅行业四氯化硅综合利用难题的有效方法和途径。     

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in thirty typical soil profiles in the Yangtze River Delta region, east China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified in 30 soil profiles from the Yangtze River Delta Region, in east China. Relative concentrations of PAH compounds with different benzene rings and ratios of fluoranthene to fluoranthene plus pyrene and benz(a)anthracene to benz(a)anthracene plus chrysene were used to identify the possible sources of soil PAHs. Total concentrations of 15 PAHs in topsoils ranged from 8.6 to 3881 microg kg(-1) with an average of 397 microg kg(-1). Half of the soil samples were considered to be contaminated with PAHs (>200 microg kg(-1)) and two sampling sites were heavily polluted by PAHs with concentrations >1000 microg kg(-1). Phenanthrene was found in soils below a depth of 100 cm in half of the sampling sites, but the detectable ratio of benzo(a)pyrene decreased sharply from 100% in topsoil to 0 in the 4th horizon.     

印染废水处理工艺改进的应用研究

通过对湘潭纺织厂废水处理工艺存在的问题进行研究和分析 ,对其废水处理工艺进行了改进。采用“二级生物接触氧化 砂滤 活性生物炭”工艺后 ,废水经其处理 ,水质各项指标超过国家一级排放标准 ,水质可以完全回收利用 ,废水处理成本下降 1 3左右。     

餐饮业小型污水综合处理系统的技术研究

阐述了餐饮污水进行综合处理工艺的技术方案 ,即将餐饮污水中有营养价值的固体物质经过粉碎、固液分离和烘干消毒等工序后打包统一收集 ;含油污水经过油水分离后 ,废油回收 ,废水排入下水道。介绍了粉碎机、固液分离装置和油水分离器等设备的原理。该处理系统具有投资少、操作简单、自动化程度高等特点     

区域大气环境容量及其区域配置研究

以重庆市涪陵区为例,在了解区域大气环境功能区划及区域大气环境质量现状的前提下,采用A-P值法,对涪陵区十三五期间大气环境容量进行研究,并对辖区内的污染负荷进行预测,在此基础上,对大气污染总量控制指标进行分配.研究结果表明,在涪陵区化工园区的二氧化硫排放量已达到或超过总量控制指标,需要制定削减计划,新兴工业园区污染物排放量虽远小于总量控制指标,但根据城市发展规划需进行结构优化与合理布局.     

110千伏变电站常用噪声控制方案的分析与研究

阐述了110千伏变电站噪声环境影响的现状,全面列举了变电站的主要噪声源并分析其分布规律及噪声影响特点.针对各类声源的特点,结合变电站设计、施工、运行维护三个主要阶段,全过程分析了常用的变电站噪声控制方案及其效果,重点关注了有源消声技术的应用和排风扇噪声影响的问题.对常用噪声控制方案的分析与研究,旨在寻求最经济、最有效的110千伏变电站噪声控制方案.     

Carbon nanotubes and Cu–Zn nanoparticles synthesis using hyperaccumulator plants

This article reports a novel way to synthesize carbon nanotubes and Cu/ZnO nanoparticles using metal hyperaccumulator plants. Metal hyperaccumulator plants are traditionally used for phytoremediation to clean soil polluted by toxic metals. However, the transfer of toxic metals in plant shoots and leaves is an environmental issue because animals and other living organisms feeding on plants will transfer the metals to the ecosystem. Therefore, we suggest that hyperaccumulator plants could be used to synthesize nanoparticles. Here, Brassica juncea L., a Cu-hyperaccumulator plant, was collected around a copper mine and used as a raw chemical to produce carbon nanotubes and Cu/ZnO nanoparticles. The chlorophyll in shoots of B. juncea plants was ethanol extracted to yield chlorophyllin. Cu and Zn were extracted by HNO₃ to form Cu/Zn(NO₃)₂. The chlorophyllin reacted with Cu/Zn(NO₃)₂ to form Cu/Zn chlorophyllin. Cu/ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by direct precipitation of Cu/Zn chlorophyllin with NaOH and ethanol. The vascular bundles in B. juncea plants, which have been purified and carbonized by HNO₃, were rapidly heated to about 400°C and then they were cooled to room temperature to obtain carbon nanotubes. Results indicate that the outer diameter of carbon nanotubes was around 80 nm. Cu/ZnO nanoparticles have a Cu_0.05Zn_0.95O composition, and had a diameter of about 97 nm. Our study not only inspires the search for a new strategy on the synthesis of nanostructure from renewable natural products, but also breaks through the traditional and limited ideas about the reuse of metals by hyperaccumulator plants.     

Water Environmental Degradation of the Heihe River Basin in Arid Northwestern China

Water environmental degradation is a major issue in the Heihe River Basin belonging to the inland river basin of temperate arid zone in northwestern China. Mankind’s activities, such as dense population and heavy dependence on irrigated agriculture, place immense pressure on available and limited water resources during the last century, especially the recent five decades. An investigation on the water environmental degradation in the Heihe River Basin and analysis of its causation were conducted. The results indicated that water environmental changes in the whole basin were tremendous mostly in the middle reaches, which reflected in surface water runoff change, decline of groundwater table and degeneration of surface water and groundwater quality. Some new forms of management based on traditional and scientific knowledge must be introduced to solve problems of water environmental degradation in the Heihe River Basin.     

ICP-AES法测定硝酸银中铋、铁、铜、铅含量研究

采用等离子体发射光谱法测定感光材料硝酸银中铋、铁、铜、铅等杂质元素的含量,样品经氯化铵溶液沉淀分离基体银后,利用等离子体发射光谱法测定滤液中多种杂质元素含量,并通过优化高频发生器等仪器工作参数及沉淀剂用量和沉淀时间等确定了最佳实验条件,具有简单快捷、灵敏度高、重现性好、线性范围广、结果准确等优势.铋、铁、铜、铅元素的检出限分别为0.0003、0.0005、0.0003、0.001 0 ug/mL,加标回收率在96.20％ ∽ 103.50％之间,适用于感光材料硝酸银中杂质元素的测定.