Ag - BiVO4催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性

以Bi2O3和V2O5为原料,通过高温固相反应合成BiVO4;并采用浸渍法对BiVO4进行Ag掺杂,制备具有较好可见光催化活性的Ag - BiVO4.采用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度仪、比表面分析仪对所制得的AgBiVO4进行了表征.实验结果表明:Ag掺杂不会引起BiVO4的晶型变化,可提高其对可见光的吸光性能;在...     

赋磁硅气凝胶的制备、表征和吸附异狄氏剂特性

以工业水玻璃为硅源,采用六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDZ)作为改性剂,掺杂纳米级Fe3O4,通过溶胶-凝胶、常压干燥技术,制备得到赋磁硅气凝胶吸附材料(MSA)。采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面分析(BET)及振动样品磁强计(VSM)等方法对其结构进行了表征,并对其吸附性能进行研究。结果表明,制得的赋磁硅气凝胶接触角在113°～116°之间,比表面积可达589.79 m2/g,密度约为0.192 g/cm3,饱和磁化强度约为0.44 emu/g,具有超顺磁性。赋磁硅气凝胶对疏水性有机物异狄氏剂表现出良好的吸附性能,符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,KF为42.91;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附速率常数为0.0341 g/(mg.min)。     

活性炭三维电极法处理超高盐榨菜腌制废水

将粒状活性炭作为三维电极的粒子电极处理超高盐榨菜腌制废水。采用静态实验,对比了二维电极与三维电极对该废水COD和磷酸盐的去除效果,考察了三维电极条件下极板间距、活性炭填充量、电解时间、电解电流及初始pH等对该废水COD和磷酸盐去除率的影响。结果表明：三维电极对超高盐榨菜腌制废水COD和磷酸盐的去除率明显高于二维电极;在原水pH（4．3—5．0）,废水体积600mL,电流8A,活性炭填充量250g,极板间距6．5cm,电解时间150min时,处理效果良好,COD和磷酸盐去除率分别为76．47％和97．81％。由波长扫描图可初步认为部分有机物直接被氧化为二氧化碳。     

Characteristics and provenance of dustfall during an unusual floating dust event

This study aims to investigate the characteristics, provenance, and particle-related pollution of an intense dustfall event that occurred in Beijing on 16–17 April 2006. Satellite images reveal that the aeolian dust originated in northeastern Alxa League of Inner Mongolia and passed southeastward across northern Ningxia, middle Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Hebei provinces. The dust then moved out of continental China in the vicinity of Beijing and Tianjin. The floating dust led to severe air pollution in Huhhot, Datong, and Beijing. We measured dustfall by collecting dust samples, investigated particle morphology, and calculated the mass medium diameter (MMD) of the dustfall using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Major elements and mineral content of the dust particles were determined by electron probe and powder X-ray diffractometer, respectively. The relative abundance of dustfall during this event was 12.5–15.0 g m^?2, making up about 10% of the total annual dustfall in Beijing. Dustfall amounted to 205 thousand tons in Beijing, the largest amount observed in recent years. The dust particles were mostly angular, subangular and subrounded in morphology, and the MMD was nearly 12 μm. Particles <10 μm accounted for 54.7% by number, but fine sand particles (larger than 50 μm) made up 53.7% by volume. Particles with diameters larger than 20 μm made up of the predominant volume of the samples (90.35%). Hence, this dustfall event was characterized by a high content of fine sand and coarse silt particles. The principal elements in the dust particles were C, O, Si, Al, Fe, and Ca, whereas the major minerals were quartz, Na-feldspar, calcite, and clay minerals.     

2株乙酰甲胺磷降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

利用富集及驯化培养方法,从长期生产农药企业的废水处理系统、厂房周边污染的土壤和池水中,分离筛选出2株能够高效降解乙酰甲胺磷的菌株Y3、Y6。在形态特征和生理生化鉴定的基础上,对其16S rDNA序列进行了分析,并重点研究了它们对乙酰甲胺磷及其他农药的降解特性和抗性。结果表明,Y3、Y6分别为寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)和假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)。Y3、Y6在乙酰甲胺磷浓度分别为500 mg/L和1 000 mg/L,培养温度30℃,初始pH8,接种量为2.5%条件下,一周内可以将80%左右的乙酰甲胺磷矿化为磷酸根。外加葡萄糖及酵母膏对降解效率的研究表明,当酵母膏含量为1 g/L时,降解效果最理想;而外加葡萄糖的量,能相对抑制其对农药的降解。抗性实验显示,Y3、Y6均可在较高浓度的其他有机磷类及氨基甲酸酯类农药的普通培养基中生长,对其他农药的抗性也比较广泛。植物侵染实验显示,Y3、Y6对实验中的豆科、禾本科、十字花科及葫芦科植物不具备致病性,说明Y3、Y6环境安全性较强。     

Synergistic effects in Mn-Co mixed oxide supported on cordierite honeycomb for catalytic deep oxidation of VOCs

A series of Co-Mn mixed oxide catalyst supported on a cordierite monolith was facilely synthesized by ultrasonic impregnation. Its catalytic performance was evaluated in the combustion of toluene, ethyl acetate and its mixture. It was observed that with incorporating Mn into Co₃O₄, the formation of solid solution with spinel structure could significantly improve the catalytic activity of pure phase Co₃O₄. And the monolithic Co_0.67Mn_0.33...     

Green utilization of organic waste resource

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

积极控制环境污染的发展

在“六五”期间,我国的环境保护事业取得了很大成绩。但是,我们面临的环境问题很多,特别是环境污染还很严重。我们必须认真总结经验,找出符合我国国情的对策,在“七五”期间使我国的环境保护工作能有一个大的进展。 做好我国的环境保护工作,特别是使环境污染得到有效的控制,首先是要有适当的     

静电旋风除尘技术的现场试验

对静电旋风除尘技术的机理进行了探讨,现场试验表明,此技术用于电厂旋风水膜除尘器的改造,可将平均除尘效率由９２．５５％到９８．４％,且对不同浓度的烟尘除尘效率比较稳定,在处理烟气量为１０６００Ｎｍ＾３／ｈ时,阻力为８００－９２０Ｐａ,高压电源的单位能耗为０．２Ｗ·ｈ／（ｍ＾３·ｈ）。