凤眼莲在城市重污染河道修复中的应用

外港河是秦淮河重要支流,长期以来遭受严重污染。2006年4月份起对外港河进行了综合生态治理。在前期清淤和截污的基础上,7月份开始引种凤眼莲。在上游排污口附近和外港河河口段分别设置的4个生态区以及河面上布设的水面载体内全面放养以凤眼莲为主的浮水植物。经过5个多月的初步治理,外港河水体透明度从40 cm以下提高到120 cm左右,COD下降了70.4％,TSS、TN和NH₃-N分别下降了39.6％、49.7％和21.8％。结果证明,凤眼莲在净化严重污染的河道方面起到了良好的效果,引种凤眼莲治理城市重污染河道是切实可行的;此外,用PVC管设计制作的水面载体来放养浮水植物可以点缀水面环境,美化城市河道景观。     

积极控制环境污染的发展

在“六五”期间,我国的环境保护事业取得了很大成绩。但是,我们面临的环境问题很多,特别是环境污染还很严重。我们必须认真总结经验,找出符合我国国情的对策,在“七五”期间使我国的环境保护工作能有一个大的进展。 做好我国的环境保护工作,特别是使环境污染得到有效的控制,首先是要有适当的     

Synergistic effects in Mn-Co mixed oxide supported on cordierite honeycomb for catalytic deep oxidation of VOCs

A series of Co-Mn mixed oxide catalyst supported on a cordierite monolith was facilely synthesized by ultrasonic impregnation. Its catalytic performance was evaluated in the combustion of toluene, ethyl acetate and its mixture. It was observed that with incorporating Mn into Co₃O₄, the formation of solid solution with spinel structure could significantly improve the catalytic activity of pure phase Co₃O₄. And the monolithic Co_0.67Mn_0.33...     

固定化多酚氧化酶测酚电极的研究

用从马铃薯中提纯,经吸附交联得到的固定化多酚氧化酶与氧电极组装设计而成的酚传感器,可检测大多数酚类化合物,其灵敏度、准确度、线性范围、响应速度、稳定性及抗干扰性,均可基本满足要求。研究证明,该法具有一定的开发实用价值。     

Comparison of EC and BC and evaluation of dust aerosol contribution to light absorption in Xi'an, China

The concentrations of EC, BC and dust aerosols were determined for atmospheric samples collected from an observation station in Xi'an, China. The results show that the averaged correlation coefficient between EC and BC was founded to be 0.72 with 0.81 (n = 49) in autumn, 0.70 (n = 112) in winter and 0.69 (n = 57) in spring, respectively. Absorption coefficients of dust aerosol were estimated to be 2.7 m² g⁻¹ in autumn and 4.4 m² g⁻¹ in winter. The comparison of absorption coefficients of dust aerosol with those of BC implies that BC is the principal light-absorbing aerosol over Xi'an atmosphere. By combining thermal analysis of elemental carbon and dust contents in the aerosol samples, however, the fraction of dust absorption to total light absorption is estimated to be 19% in autumn and 31% in winter, respectively.     

静电旋风除尘技术的现场试验

对静电旋风除尘技术的机理进行了探讨,现场试验表明,此技术用于电厂旋风水膜除尘器的改造,可将平均除尘效率由９２．５５％到９８．４％,且对不同浓度的烟尘除尘效率比较稳定,在处理烟气量为１０６００Ｎｍ＾３／ｈ时,阻力为８００－９２０Ｐａ,高压电源的单位能耗为０．２Ｗ·ｈ／（ｍ＾３·ｈ）。     

P204-煤油萃取剂的生物降解性

采用测定溶剂饱和溶液 BOD₅和 COD的方法对混合溶剂 P204(二-(2-乙基己基 )磷酸 )-煤油的生物降解性进行了研究 .结果表明 ,不同浓度的 P204(煤油)均可降解 .当溶剂中 P204的浓度小于 70%时 ,平衡水相的 COD及 BOD₅ 与初始溶剂中P204对煤油的体积比成正比 ;当 P204的浓度大于 70%时 ,平衡水相的 COD及 BOD₅基本保持不变 .同时 ,建立了 P204(煤油)平衡水相中 P204的浓度的表达式 ,对研究混合溶剂的生物降解性具有一定的指导意义 .     

Heavy metal contents in the Delft canal sediments and suspended solids of the River Rhine: multivariate analysis for source tracing.

We have analyzed heavy metal contents in the sediments of three Delft inner city canals (Rietveld, Oude Delft and Zuiderstraat) and compared them with the heavy metal contents in the River Rhine suspended solids. All the data were examined by multivariate analysis in order to explain the behavior and sources of each metal. Correlation coefficient matrices were studied in order to find an internal structure and assist in identification of pollutant sources. The good correlation among almost all the heavy metals (except Pb) indicates that there are common sources or at least one major source for them. Based on the factor analysis technique, principal components score plots were obtained to cluster the data (63 samples from the Delft canals and 10 from the River Rhine) and describe their different characteristics. It was found in the plots that the data from the River Rhine clustered together with 2 out of the 3 Delft stations (Rietveld, Oude Delft). This supports the view that the River Rhine is an important external micropollutant source for the Delft inner city canals. The third station (Zuiderstraat) showed much higher pollution levels than the other Delft canals; apparently it has been influenced not only by the River Rhine but also by internal pollutant inputs such as metal corrosion and paints from local boathouses.     

城市内城河污染如何进行点源排查及针对性治理的探讨

经济的高速发展,使人们的生活水平不断提高,从而对所生活的城市空间的要求也越来越高.内城河作为城市景观风貌和休闲空间的重要组成部分,近年来由于水体黑臭,表面脏物漂流,已成为群众投诉较多的社会热点问题,如何对内城河水体进行整治,是目前亟需解决的问题.以靖江市内城河渔婆港治理为例,探讨如何从河道沿线排查,以及根据排查情况提出具体的针对性治理措施,以此切实有效地处理群众反响较大的内城河污染,从根本上改善内城河周边环境,提升群众生活质量.     

大气扰动下人－机系统建模与仿真

建立了人、机、大气环境扰动的动力学模型。形成一个便于仿真计算的人－机－环境系统模型，针对驾驶员完成俯仰跟踪任务，研究了大气扰动对驾驶员控制特性和人－机闭环特性的影响。