页岩气田腐蚀特征、细菌来源及腐蚀对策

分析了国内外的页岩气田腐蚀案例及腐蚀特征,采用平行绝迹稀释法对某页岩气田生产整个流程的一系列水样开展了细菌测量,对细菌来源进行了溯源研究。结果表明:页岩气田的油管及集输系统普遍存在细菌腐蚀问题;从压裂到生产全流程,配置压裂液的水源、压裂液及返排水的水样中均含大量细菌,细菌的来源包括地面和井下。最后根据页岩气田腐蚀特征和细菌的来源,提出了相应的腐蚀控制对策。     

大型石化企业危化品道路运输安全管理应用实践

分析了某大型石化企业危化品道路运输安全管理存在的问题以及采取的对策,阐述了该企业的做法和取得的成效,为行业提供借鉴。     

Enhanced phosphate removal using zirconium hydroxide encapsulated in quaternized cellulose

Zirconium-based materials are efficient adsorbent for aqueous phosphate removal. However, current zirconium-based materials still show unsatisfied performance on adsorption capacity and selectivity. Here, we demonstrate a zirconium hydroxide encapsulated in quaternized cellulose (QC–Zr) for the selective phosphate removal. Zirconium hydroxide nanoparticles were simultaneously generated in situ with the QC framework and firmly anchored in the three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked cellulose chains. The maximum P adsorption capacity of QC–Zr was 83.6 mg P/g. Furthermore, the QC–Zr shows high P adsorption performance in a wide pH range, generally due to the electrostatic effects of quaternized cellulose. The enhanced adsorption of P was also achieved in the presence of competing anions (including Cl^?, NO₃^?, ${\text{SO}}_4^{2?}$, ${\text{SO}}_4^{\mathrm{4}?}$) and humic acid (HA) even at a molar ratio up to 20 levels. The column adsorption capacity of QC–Zr reached 4000 bed volumes (BV) at EBCT = 0.5 min as the P concentration decreased from 2.5 to 0.5 mg/L. Mechanism study revealed that both –N⁺(CH₃)₃ groups and zirconium hydroxide were involved in phosphate adsorption via electrostatic interactions between –N⁺(CH₃)₃ and phosphate, and the formation of zirconium hydrogen phosphate (Zr(HPO₄)x). The ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study implied that P surface–precipitated and inner–sphere complexed with zirconium hydroxide at a ratio of 3:1.     

离子色谱法同时测定柠檬酸发酵液中无机阴离子和有机酸

本文建立了以ＮａＯＨ为淋洗液，甲醇为有机改进剂，阴离子交换分离，化学抑制型电导检测，快速测定柠檬酸发酵液中有机酸和ＳＯ＾２－４，ＰＬ＾３－４的离子色谱新方法，方法简单，灵敏，用于样品分析，结果令人满意。     

Phylogenetic diversity of Archaea in prawn farm sediment

The structure and diversity of the Archaea collected from prawn farm sediment were investigated for the first time. A partial 16S ribosomal DNA library was constructed with Archaea-specific primers. Subsequently, 80 randomly selected archaeal clones from the library were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and resulted in 50 different RFLP patterns. Sequence analysis of representatives from each unique RFLP type revealed high diversity in the archaeal populations, and the majority of archaeal clones were either members of novel lineages or most closely related to uncultured clones. In the phylogenetic analysis, the archaeal clones could be grouped into discrete phylogenetic lineages within the two kingdoms Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Euryarchaeota dominated in our archaeal library, with up to 72.2% of the total clones, and Crenarchaeota represented 27.8%. Of all the Euryarchaeota clones, three clones (5.6%) were affiliated with Methanosarcinales, four clones (7.4%) were related to Methanomicrobiales, three clones (5.6%) were related to Halobacterium (with 93% similarity), and the remaining clones (81.5%) were related to those uncultured Euryarchaeota in the aquatic sediment ecosystem. None of the crenarchaeal clones were associated with any known cultured lineages. The selective dispersal of the archaeal population indicates that their ecological niches are associated with environmental characteristics. Novel phylotypes of Archaea would expand our understanding of the genetic diversity of Archaea in aquatic sediment systems and would be significant in the phylogenetic study of Archaea.Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe     

蚕豆根尖细胞微核法监测连云港市近海海水污染的研究

研究了用蚕虫根尖细胞微核技术监测海水污染的可行性，报告了用此法监测连云港市近海海水污染的实验结果。在与同期化学监测结果对比的基础上，提出了划分布污染等级的初步标准，对应用该法的意义进行了讨论。     

天然高分子吸附剂研究——羧甲基交联壳聚糖树脂的合成及吸附特性

以壳聚糖为原料，经乙二醇双缩水甘油醚交联后，与氯乙酸反应，合成了羧甲基交联壳聚糖树脂，并研究了其对Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋的静态吸附性能，结果表明，该树脂对上述３种金属离子均具有良好的吸附性能，其吸附容量分别达２．２５，１．９８和１．８１ｍｍｏｌ·ｇ＾－１。     

草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用技术分析研究

中段废水是制浆造纸工业的主要污染源之一，从工程设计的角度出发，对草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用提出一套可行适用的工艺方案；对主要工艺环节参数、设备备有说明，以供同行借鉴。     

地面运动最大幅值、到时的差动特性

利用ＳＭＡＲＴ－１台阵３次地震的水平分量加速度记录统计了局部场地上地震动加速度最大幅值、到时的变化特性。统计结果表明：在局部场地上，地震动加速度的最大幅值随土层厚度和测点坐标的变化是显著的，而到时变化仅依赖于测点坐标     

环境质量模糊综合评价及其应用

环境质量评价是环境科学的重要研究课题之一，作者评述了常用指标法的不足，提出用模糊数学中综合模糊评价法评价环境质量，建立了评价模式和计算程序，并用于科学城的环境质量评价，评价计算给出的多层次数据所提供的信息，与监测结果所体现的环境质量状况符合，所建模糊评价程序是适用的。