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731.
Thomas A. Minarik Justin A. Vick Melissa M. Schultz Stephen E. Bartell Dalma Martinovic‐Weigelt Daniel C. Rearick Heiko L. Schoenfuss 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):358-375
This study tested the hypotheses that (1) exposure to treated Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) effluent will induce biological effects in exposed fish that are consistent with environmental estrogen (EE) exposure; and (2) seasonal differences in effluent composition will moderate biological effects. We conducted seven on‐site exposures using a mobile laboratory. Total estrogenicity of effluents was 10‐ to 20‐fold higher during spring than in fall. Common EEs including steroid estrogens, alkylphenols, and bisphenol‐A were ubiquitous. An unusual spike in total estrogenicity identified a combined sewer overflow event. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) responded to exposure with subtle changes in vitellogenin concentrations and secondary sex characteristics. An opportunity to assess a common carp (Cyprinus carpio) population permanently sustained inside the Stickney WRP revealed pronounced exposure effects, but also the resilience of biological organisms even under long‐term exposure. In contrast to other studies, no histopathological changes were found. The mobile exposure laboratory proved capable of maintaining U.S. Environmental Protection Agency‐recommended exposure conditions while providing flexibility for rapid deployment at multiple sites with minimal operational disruption. Further studies using this platform hold promise to resolve the convoluted interactions between complex effluents and inherent biological complexity. 相似文献
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734.
Andrés M. Cisneros‐Montemayor F. Gordon Kirkwood Sarah Harper Dirk Zeller U. Rashid Sumaila 《Natural resources forum》2013,37(4):221-230
The announcement of plans for exploratory oil drilling at a number of offshore sites in Belize raised concerns about the risks associated with drilling, particularly given the socio‐economic importance of the marine ecosystem. The current economic value of fisheries and marine ecotourism is estimated, along with the potential revenue from offshore oil and potential economic losses stemming from oil pollution, under various assumptions on risk and uncertainty. Marine fisheries and ecotourism are estimated to generate around US$ 183 million per year. Single‐year estimated maximum revenue is higher for oil extraction initially but quickly declines; during a 50 year (two generation) period, total discounted benefits from marine fisheries and ecotourism are estimated at US$ 5.1 billion, compared to US$ 3.2 billion from offshore oil revenue. Following a hypothetical oil spill, discounted losses in marine fisheries and ecotourism due to perception and ecological impacts are estimated at US$ 912 million, with clean‐up costs and capital losses of US$ 6.1‐10.4 billion. Considering the short extraction life of oil resources compared to fisheries and ecotourism, the difference in benefits increases substantially in favour of the latter with a longer time horizon. A recent public referendum resulted in a 98% vote against oil exploration and a subsequent annulment of oil concessions pending environmental impact assessments. 相似文献
735.
An accurate and reproducible method for the analysis of flurazepam hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations has been described. A simple and rapid isocratic HPLC elution method was employed which requires about 15 minutes to be performed. The percentage mean recovery of flurazepam hydrochloride in Dalmane capsules was found to be 100.67% + 1.23% of the declared amount 相似文献
736.
C. Cebrián E. S. Andreu M. D. Ferrando A. Fernández‐Casalderrey M. Gamón 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):321-327
Routine applications of organophosphate pesticides may adversely affect many nontarget organisms. Static toxicities in mature crayfish Procambarus clarkii were determined, in laboratory, for two organophosphate insecticides using 24, 48, 72 and 96‐h static tests. Three groups of 10 crayfish were exposed to 0.75 to 6 ppm for Trichlorfon and 0.2 to 0.9 ppm for Methidathion. The 24 to 96‐h LC50 values for Trichlorfon and Methidathion were from 5.14–0.99 ppm and 0.73–0.28 ppm respectively. Studies of degradation of Methidathion and Trichlorfon have been made using 1 ppm for Methidathion and 0.1 ppm for Trichlorfon. Both insecticides were degradated gradually until 96‐h. Results show that Methidathion is more toxic to P. clarkii in our medium and degradation of both pesticides is similar. 相似文献
737.
An innovative process was studied for the destruction of 2,4‐dichlorophenol in water. The immiscible fluorinated solvent, inert and highly ozone soluble, was used as the solvent in the extraction‐ozonation system. Taguchi methods were applied in the design of experiments to identify the significant factors and establish the optimal combination of process parameters. The result indicate that this statistical technique can provide an extremely effective structured approach. 相似文献
738.
Sabah Abdul‐Wahab Walid Bouhamra Hisham Ettouney Bev Sowerby Barry D. Crittenden 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):213-232
A study has been conducted over a period of one year on measurements of air pollution in the Shuaiba Industrial Area (SIA) of Kuwait. The study included analysis of pollutant behaviour relative to the wind speed and direction. SIA comprises several large scale industries including three petroleum refineries, two power plants, two fertilizer plants, a cement plant, a chlorine and soda plant, a commercial harbour and two large oil loading terminals. Measurements of 15 parameters have been carried out every 5 minutes using a mobile laboratory fitted with an automatic calibrator and a data storage system. The pollutants studied include methane, non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, and NO x ), sulphur dioxide, ozone and suspended dust. Meteorological parameters monitored simultaneously include wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and barometric pressure. The air quality data collected using the mobile laboratory have been used to calculate the diurnal and monthly variations in the major primary and secondary pollutants. Distribution levels of these pollutants relative to wind direction and speed have also been used in the analysis. The results show large diurnal variations in some pollutant concentrations. Generally, two types of concentration variations have been found, depending on whether the species is a primary or a secondary pollutant. Diurnal variations with two maxima were observed in the concentrations of primary pollutants including NO, SO2, NMHC, CO and suspended dust, whereas a single maximum was observed for secondary pollutants such as O3and NO2. The monthly variations of SO2and NO x showed maximum values during the warm months. However, ozone showed a quite marked seasonal variation with maxima during spring and late summer and a minimum during the early summer. The results also indicated a common source for NO x , SO2, NMHC, CO and suspended dust to the North‐West (NW) of the monitoring station. Moreover for NO x and SO2, another less significant source is to the South‐South‐West (SSW) and South‐West (SW) of the monitoring station. 相似文献
739.
The adsorption of Sb(V) ions from aqueous solutions onto commercially available activated alumina (AA) was investigated. AA has a much higher adsorption capacity than presently used adsorbents. Sb(V) ions are likely adsorbed through electrostatic attraction and/or specific adsorption mechanism, while the optimum pH is found in the range of 2.8–4.3. The Sb(V) ions adsorption capacities increase with increasing temperature. The addition of nitrate, acetate, arsenite, chloride, and silicate ions affected Sb(V) ions adsorption only slightly, while the coexisting ascorbate, arsenate, phosphate, sulfate, EDTA, tartrate, and citrate ions substantially depressed Sb(V) ions adsorption. 相似文献
740.
Cadmium and chlordane are compounds chosen for a preliminary study on the impact of environmental contaminants on apoptosis in different representative species. These two potentially toxic substances decrease in vitro apoptosis of Daphnia magna cells. This appears to be related to the chemical concentrations and the time exposure. Cadmium was also directly introduced to the cell culture medium of Syrian hamster embryos (SHE) or indirectly via daphnids, which had firstly consumed algae contaminated with cadmium. A very sharp transfer of cadmium toxicity from algae to daphnids is noted and an inhibition of the apoptosis in SHE cells can be observed. 相似文献