新型絮凝剂聚环氧氯丙烷胺的合成研究

以环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺为原料,乙二胺为交联剂,制备有机阳离子聚合物,研究乙二胺加入量、反应温度、环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺的摩尔比、聚合时间等对聚合物粘度和阳离子度的影响,利用电子透射电镜(TEM)和电子扫描电镜(SEM)对聚合物的结构形貌进行了表征,结果表明,环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺的摩尔比为1．5：1,乙二胺加入量为3％时,聚合物的粘度和阳离子度最大,具有较强的吸附架桥和电中和作用,对染料废水有较好的脱色效果。     

饮用水源水库铁锰垂直分布规律及原因

经对水温分层型季节性缺氧水库铁、锰污染的研究表明,Fe、Mn分布随着季节变化、水库水温分层而变化,呈现明显的垂直分布规律:高浓度Fe、Mn主要出现在水温分层期水库中、下层,与库底缺氧、pH值下降、基岩溶蚀、沉积物高浓度Fe、Mn释放造成的二次污染等密切相关,从而为自来水厂实施优化分层取水和污染控制提供了依据.     

脆弱生态环境耦合下的贫困地区可持续发展研究

研究表明，中国贫困地区的分布与脆弱生态环境的分布存在一种地理空间意义上的耦合，这种耦合是一种非良性的耦合，存在着诸多问题并我着当地的社会经济发展，要改变这一现状，实现区域社会经济可持续发展，必须革新现有的贫困人口生存方式和社会经济发展模式，据此，本文提出了实现贫困地区社会经济可持续发展的战略措施应是依托现有的资源优势，推广生态农业技术，发展绿色食品和开展生态旅游。     

蚀刻液水合肼还原除铜

将电路板厂废弃的蚀刻液,经氢氧化铜沉淀法回收大部分铜后,再采用水合肼还原,进一步除铜。反应温度为50℃,水合肼质量分数为3．0％,溶液pH为6．0,废液中铜的去除率可达98.5％,处理后废液中铜的质量浓度低于0．2g／L,可作为碱性蚀刻液重复利用。     

Travel on the road: does China’s high-speed rail promote local tourism?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Following a Chinese saying: To be rich, roads first, high-speed rail (HSR) opening and station construction are indispensable for economic developing....     

National and Regional-Level Human-Environment (Ecosystems) Interactions: Some Empirical Evidence from China

The state of human-environment (ecosystems) interactions—ecosystems (land cover classes), population, biodiversity hotspots and protected status—is examined in the eastern coastal zones, the eastern region, the middle region, the western region and the whole of China. The analysis is based on consistent, comprehensive, geo-referenced and recent datasets and advanced analytical Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. A comparative national and regional priority ranking of the provinces was conducted using the total score of eight indicators, for the four dimensions of human-environment (ecosystems) interaction. Using, these ranks, all the provinces were grouped in low, high and medium priority provinces. The comparative ranking and categorization of provinces will be useful for designing policies and management operations for spatially-differential scientific planning and management of environment (ecosystems) at the regional and national levels in China.     

经济发展成本分析:可持续发展经济学的理论基础

可持续发展战略存在着理论与实践上的严重反差，其主要原因是可持续发展经济缺乏统一的理论基础，本文通过对经济学不同流派关于可持续发展问题研究的评析，认为可持续发展经济学需要建立一个统一的理论基础，并提出经济发展成本分析是可持续发展经济学的理论基础，围绕这一理论基础对可持续发展的概念进行了重新界定，并主张要把制度的激励与约束以及政策的引导纳入可持续发展经济途径研究的视野之中。     

Triclosan in waste and surface waters from the upper Detroit River by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry

Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is an antimicroibial disinfectant agent used in a wide array of consumer products. An analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by reverse phase, liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization (negative)-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI(-)-MS/MS; in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode) was developed, optimized and validated for the determination of triclosan in wastewater/sewage treatment plant (WSTP) effluent and surface waters from the upper Detroit River (Canada). The mean recoveries (+/-%RSD) of triclosan and the internal standard 2'-HO-tribromodiphenyl ether (2'-HO-BDE-28) spiked to surface water and WSTP effluent samples ranged similarly from 104+/-8% and 91+/-10%, respectively, and method limits of quantification were in the low ppb/high ppt range. However, ESI(-) enhancement was found for both analytes due to sample matrix effects, as indicated by % process efficiencies (a measure of ESI(-) enhancement/suppression), which were in the 111-128% range. We report the first known assessment of triclosan in the Detroit River watershed of the Great Lakes, which preliminarily examined the presence and UV-treatment effects on triclosan in effluent from the major WSTP serving the City of Windsor, Ontario, Canada, and fate in surface waters of the upper Detroit River. Triclosan in WSTP effluent decreased 22% after final UV treatment to a mean concentration of 63 ng/L. Concentrations were further reduced to 4 and 8 ng/L (a >90% reduction) in surface water samples from sites downstream on the Canadian shoreline of the Detroit River, which was due to dilution. Two hydroxylated tribrominated diphenyl ethers, which are structurally similar to triclosan, were also detected in WSTP effluent and surface water samples.     

不同温度条件下生态减污袋去除模拟污水中氨氮及磷的效果研究

研究在低温和常温条件下不同比例砂土与黏土混合制成的生态减污袋对模拟污水中氨氮及磷的去除效果。试验模拟污水中氨氮及磷的质量浓度分别为10 mg/L和1 mg/L,生态减污袋中砂土和黏土的质量比分别为1∶1、5∶1和10∶1,温度控制在22℃和4℃。结果表明,低温条件下砂土与黏土比例为1∶1的减污袋对模拟污水中氨氮和磷的去除率分别达到67%和38%;而砂土与黏土比例为10∶1的减污袋对低温条件下模拟污水中氨氮和磷的去除率均最低,分别为32%和28%,其对常温条件下污水中氨氮和磷的去除率也分别只有48%和52%。对比常温条件下的试验,低温条件下生态减污袋的去除效果明显偏低。由于黏土颗粒具有较大的比表面积和较好的离子交换能力,因此应选择黏土含量较高的生态减污袋,以在低温条件下保持良好的去氮除磷效果。     

中国工业产品出口贸易及碳关税影响研究

以欧盟碳边境调节机制为代表的碳关税政策将冲击我国工业产品出口贸易。本研究运用双边贸易隐含排放分析模型测算了我国40种工业产品的出口贸易额、经济增加值和隐含碳排放,进而结合情景分析法模拟了碳关税政策对我国出口贸易经济收益的影响。结果表明,2019年我国工业产品出口贸易额和增加值分别为22 486.0亿欧元和17 658.0亿欧元,并隐含了18.1亿t碳排放。我国出口较多的产品主要包括机电、化学品、家具、服装等制造业终端产品,出口较少的产品主要包括多类金属矿石和化石燃料。我国工业产品的碳排放强度为0.6～7.5kg碳/欧元,有90%类别的产品碳排放强度高于发达国家。当欧盟、所有发达国家以及我国所有贸易伙伴分别对工业产品出口贸易征收碳关税时,我国每年分别要缴纳112.4亿、480.5亿和1123.0亿欧元碳关税,贸易经济收益将分别下降0.6%、2.7%和6.4%。对此,我国亟须统筹做好应对气候变化谈判与合作、着力提升制造业绿色发展能力、完善全国碳定价机制等方面的工作,防范外贸风险,提高国际竞争力。