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621.
年1—7月在北京市西三环航天桥地区,用大流量分级采样器分5级采集大气颗粒物样品,采用溶剂提取和衍生化方法对样品进行前处理,利用GC-MS分析不同粒径颗粒物中的有机脂肪酸. 结果表明:在颗粒物中共检出21种MOA(一元有机脂肪酸)和7种DIA(二元有机脂肪酸);ρ(∑21MOA)(21种MOA总质量浓度)和ρ(∑7DIA)(7种DIA总质量浓度)均在粒径<0.69μm的超细颗粒中最高,分别约占各自5级颗粒物质量浓度总和的30.0%和32.5%;颗粒物中ρ(∑21MOA)和ρ(∑7DIA)月际变化规律不同,前者在1—2月最高,3月次之;而后者在5—7月最高. MOA和DIA的组成、分布特点亦不尽相同,其中C10~C24的MOA表现出明显的偶数碳优势,而DIA没有显现奇偶优势;MOA中ρ(C16-MOA)最高,ρ(C18-MOA)次之;DIA中ρ(壬二酸)最高. 基于MOA的C18/C16〔ρ(C18-MOA)/ρ(C16-MOA)〕和CPI(碳优先指数)分析表明,颗粒物中MOA主要来自人为源,与燃煤排放、机动车尾气及烹调排放相关,1—2月燃煤排放对颗粒物中MOA的贡献明显. 相似文献
622.
不同类型城市人工湿地底栖动物多样性的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在常州市范围内选取具有代表性的三大人工湿地,对其底栖动物多样性情况进行春秋两季的调查研究。结果显示:软件园秋季底栖动物各项生物多样性指标均高于春季,荆川公园和五星公园则呈现春季生物多样性状况优于秋季的状况。从总体上看,底栖动物的Shannon—Wiener多样性指数软件园〉荆川公园〉五星公园;Pielou均匀度指数荆川公园〉软件园〉五星公园;BI指数表现为五星公园〉荆川公园〉软件园。此外从调查结果来看,软体动物种类数、分布密度与水体的污染程度呈反向趋势,由此推断软体动物种类丰富程度可作为评价城市人工湿地水体受污染程度的重要指标。 相似文献
623.
杀虫剂类POPs废物的环境无害化处置及其污染场地的治理是我国履行POPs公约的国家行动计划(NIP)的重要内容。我国POPs废物产生的责任主体主要是历史上的企业,企业经过了很大的变革,因而产生的POPs废物及其污染场地不同于现有工业企业产生的危险废物,需要根据历史、现状以及未来发展的特点建立新的责任制度,确立治理责任,落实治理资金。从我国杀虫剂类POPs废物和污染场地的现状调研出发,分析国内外相关法律规定中责任分担制度及原则,提出建立我国杀虫剂类POPs废物及其污染场地治理的"共同责任制度",为POPs废物的环境管理提供理论支持。 相似文献
624.
Maternal cell contamination was assessed in 18 macroscopically blood-stained amniotic fluid samples from male fetuses. The samples were analysed by double-target fluorescent in situ hybridization (ISH) with Y and X chromosome-specific probes. The only sample with an aberrant karyotype (47, XY, +18) was also analysed by hybridization with a chromosome 18-specific probe. An interpretation of extensive maternal cell contamination was made in two samples, one of which was the sample with trisomy 18. ISH with the chromosome 18-specific probe on this latter sample showed that the sensitivity of the ISH method for chromosome enumeration of uncultured amniotic fluid samples may be reduced in bloodstained samples. It was calculated that by using ISH for chromosome enumeration of the two extensively contaminated samples, a case of trisomy 21 might have been overlooked in both samples, while a case of trisomy 18 might only have been overlooked in one of the samples. It is concluded that ISH should not be used for chromosome enumeration of uncultured amniotic fluid samples that are macroscopically blood-stained without further technical developments. 相似文献
625.
Yan ZHANG Xiang GAO Zhenyu ZHONG Xihai DENG Buzhuo PENG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(3):370-379
Through the use of general sampling and measurement by 137 Cs dating, problems regarding the absence of monitoring data can easily be resolved. Further, weighted values need to be
determined while Environment Quality Comprehensive Index (EQCI) is commonly used as applied in environmental quality comprehensive
evaluation. In order to overcome the subjectivity in determining weights, the modified Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
method was designed. The modified AHP method involved the following key procedures: First, the parameters y
i1 and y
i2 were calculated based on the monitoring data; second, the factors were put in order according to the symbol and value of
y
i1 and y
i2; third, the continuous odd integers, which represented the importance of factors, were given to factors according to their
seating order; and, fourth, the factor weights were determined from the pair-wise comparison matrix calculated by the ratio
of the given odd integers. Therefore, the weights were completely based on the monitoring data. In the present study, the
comprehensive quality of sediments in five sections of Lake Dianchi were evaluated and the results indicated that the current
contamination of sediments in each lake section is much more serious than at any other time in history.
__________
Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(8): 1531–1536 [译自: 环境科学] 相似文献
626.
硫自养反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化脱氮条件控制研究 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
采用全混式厌氧搅拌罐,研究自养条件下,厌氧氨氧化与硫自养反硝化共同存在时,前者对系统中硫酸盐的产生和碱度消耗的影响.投加单质硫颗粒50 g·L~(-1),接种厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥100 g·L~(-1)(湿重),控制温度35℃±0.5℃,搅拌强度120r·min-1,p H为8.0~8.4.启动硫自养反硝化阶段,进水硝酸盐浓度为200 mg·L~(-1),水力停留时间为5.3 h,反应器硝态氮负荷达0.56~0.71 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).硫自养反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化反应过程中,添加60 mg·L~(-1)氨氮后,硝态氮负荷仍维持在0.66~0.88kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),氨氮负荷为0.27 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).反应体系内单位硝酸盐转化产生的硫酸盐Δn(SO~(2-)_4)∶Δn(NO~-_3)由1.21±0.06降低至1.01±0.10,Δ(IC)∶Δ(NO~-_3-N)由0.72±0.1降低至0.51±0.11,出水p H值由6.5上升至7.2.序批试实验优化反应条件:在搅拌强度G_T值为22~64 s~(-1),p H值为8.08时,耦合反应Δn(NH~+_4)∶Δn(NO~-_3)最高达到0.43,硝酸盐转化速率提升60%,过高搅拌强度(搅拌速度G_T值64 s~(-1))、不适宜的p H值(最适p H值为8.02)环境都会起同步转化效率的降低. 相似文献
627.
628.
629.
ZHANG Xu-xiang WAN Yu-qiu CHENG Shu-pei SUN Shi-lei ZHU Cheng-jun LI Wei-xin ZHANG Xiao-chun WANG Gui-lin LU Jian-hu LUO Xiang GU Ji-dong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2005,17(5):876-880
The biodegradation and toxicity of the purified terephthalic acid(PTA) processing wastewater was researched at NJYZ pilot with the fusant strain Fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process( CASP). Sludge loading rate(SLR) for Fhhh to COD of the wastewater was 1.09 d^-1 and to PTA in the wastewater was 0.29 d^-1. The results of bioassay at the pilot and calculation with software Ebis3 showed that the 48h-LC50 (median lethal concentration) to Daphnia magna for the PTA concentration in the wastewater was only 1/10 of that for the chemical PTA. There were .5 kinds of benzoate pollutants and their toxicities existing in the wastewater at least. The toxicity parameter value of the pure chemical PTA cannot be used to predicate the PTA wastewater toxicity. The toxicity of the NJYZ PTA wastewater will be discussed in detail in this paper. 相似文献
630.