丹江口水库浮游植物群落时空动态及其多样性指数

通过对丹江口水库2009～2010年的水质和浮游植物进行调查,分析了浮游植物群落的时空动态,利用典型对应分析法（CCA）研究了影响群落时空格局的环境因素,同时运用细胞密度及群落多样性指数等进行了水质综合评价.结果表明,浮游植物群落种类组成中硅藻门占51.08%,其次是蓝藻（18.39%）;浮游植物群落结构、密度及生物多...     

滇池流域宝象河暴雨径流初始冲刷效应

为了有效理解滇池非点源入湖过程,选择滇池流域宝象河开展暴雨径流初始冲刷效应的初步研究.2009年雨季,在其干流沿程上、中、下游设置3个断面进行了初期3场暴雨及河道水量、水质同步观测,并提出降雨净冲刷量、负荷净冲刷量以及净冲刷径流平均浓度EMCn的定义与计算方法.结果表明,宝象河TSS、TN、TP、高锰酸盐指数的EMCn、累积曲线M(V)随着河道沿程不透水地面比例和人口规模的增加而提高,TSS、TP负荷贡献率及其M(V)与降雨强度的变化趋势一致,而TN和高锰酸盐指数负荷贡献率则与降雨量表现正相关,其中TN中NO3--N所占比例随着降雨事件次数增加而逐渐降低;此外,提出的EMCn也被证实能有效消除各点位的基流及其负荷影响,相对冲刷径流平均浓度,更为真实反映且能放大沿程断面间、不同降雨事件间的暴雨初始冲刷效应的差异.     

CH4 emission and conversion from A2O and SBR processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants

Wastewater treatment systems are important anthropogenic sources of CH4emission. A full-scale experiment was carried out to monitor the CH4 emission from anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process(A2O) and sequencing batch reactor(SBR) wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) for one year from May 2011 to April 2012. The main emission unit of the A2O process was an oxic tank, accounting for 76.2% of CH4emissions; the main emission unit of the SBR process was the feeding and aeration phase, accounting for 99.5% of CH4emissions. CH4can be produced in the anaerobic condition, such as in the primary settling tank and anaerobic tank of the A2O process. While CH4can be consumed in anoxic denitrification or the aeration condition, such as in the anoxic tank and oxic tank of the A2O process and the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4emission flux and the dissolved CH4concentration rapidly decreased in the oxic tank of the A2O process. These metrics increased during the first half of the phase and then decreased during the latter half of the phase in the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4oxidation rate ranged from 32.47% to 89.52%(mean: 67.96%) in the A2O process and from 12.65% to 88.31%(mean: 47.62%) in the SBR process. The mean CH4 emission factors were 0.182 g/ton of wastewater and 24.75 g CH4 /(person·year) for the A2O process, and 0.457 g/ton of wastewater and 36.55 g CH4 /(person·year) for the SBR process.     

基于马尔科夫模型的芜湖市景观格局演变研究

在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下，利用1996年和2003年2个时期的Landsat—TM假彩色合成影像作为信息源，获取芜湖市景观类型的转化数据，并结合国土局的土地详查数据，确定相应的转移概率矩阵，应用马尔科夫过程模拟土地类型景观的动态演变情况和未来演变的趋势。结果表明，随着城市化过程的发展，研究区内各种土地类型不断地向城市用地转化。     

生物处理含硫酸盐废水生成单质硫的研究进展

介绍了目前国内外生物处理含硫酸盐废水生成单质硫常用微生物,包括光合细菌、无色硫细菌和脱氮硫杆菌,对其脱硫原理及发展前景进行了分析;同时综述了两相厌氧吹脱与沼气脱硫联合工艺、两相厌氧与硫化物氧化联合工艺、同步脱硫脱氮工艺处理硫酸盐生成单质硫的原理及研究现状,并分析了各自的优缺点。     

Simultaneous Fe(III) reduction and ammonia oxidation process in Anammox sludge

In recent years, there have been a number of reports on the phenomenon in which ferric iron (Fe(III)) is reduced to ferrous iron [Fe(II)] in anaerobic environments, accompanied by simultaneous oxidation of ammonia to NO₂^-, NO₃^-, or N₂. However, studies on the relevant reaction characteristics and mechanisms are rare. Recently, in research on the effect of Fe(III) on the activity of Anammox sludge, excess ammonia oxidization has also been found. Hence, in the present study, Fe(III) was used to serve as the electron acceptor instead of NO₂^-, and the feasibility and characteristics of Anammox coupled to Fe(III) reduction (termed Feammox) were investigated. After 160days of cultivation, the conversion rate of ammonia in the reactor was above 80%, accompanied by the production of a large amount of NO₃^- and a small amount of NO₂^-. The total nitrogen removal rate was up to 71.8%. Furthermore, quantities of Fe(II) were detected in the sludge fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and denaturated gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses further revealed that in the sludge, some Anammox bacteria were retained, and some microbes were enriched during the acclimatization process. We thus deduced that in Anammox sludge, Fe(III) reduction takes place together with ammonia oxidation to NO₂^- and NO₃^- along with the Anammox process.     

滴滴涕污染场地调查及修复技术

以国内外关于滴滴涕(DDT)污染场地调查和修复技术研究的文献和案例为基础,首先分析了基于不同场地调查目标和数据获取需求所适用的调查布点及数据分析方法;其次,总结了滴滴涕在不同类型污染场地中的残留浓度和分布规律;再次,综述了国内外已经商业化运行和正在研究中的针对DDTs等持久性有机污染物(POPs)污染场地的修复技术,并阐述了其各自的适用特点;最后提出了滴滴涕污染场地的调查和修复工作中存在的问题和发展方向.     

环境温度对粉尘爆炸参数的影响

研究了环境温度对萘酐(C10H6O2)粉尘爆炸参数的影响,得到了随着温度的升高,最大爆炸压力峰值变化不大;而最大压力上升速率增大,爆炸下限浓度降低,安全氧含量也会降低.根据化学动力学理论对这一影响进行了分析.     

水动力条件对嘉陵江重庆主城段藻类生长影响的数值模拟

为研究水动力条件对嘉陵江重庆主城段藻类生长繁殖和富营养化的影响,通过对现有藻类生长率计算式中的流速影响函数进行改进,引入表征藻类生长最佳流速与流速范围的参数,构建了二维非稳态藻类生长动力学模型,并用实测数据以及现有的实验成果对其参数进行率定与优化.针对三峡水库水华高发时段的气候条件和研究河段现有的营养盐状况,就不同水位下的叶绿素a浓度的时空分布进行数值仿真、对可能发生水华的位置和范围进行分析和预测.结果表明,对于嘉陵江重庆主城段,流速在0.04m·s-1左右最有利于藻类的生长繁殖.     

乐安江沉积物酸可挥发硫化物含量及溶解氧对重金属释放特性的影响

本研究进行了乐安江沉积物不同溶解氧浓度条件下的重金属释放实验和沉积物样品酸可挥发硫化物（ＡＶＳ）及同时可提取金属浓度（ＳＥＭ）的测定。结果表明,乐安江沉积物中ＡＶＳ含量较低,沉积物中重金属在存在再释放的可能性,铁锰氧化和可能是乐安江沉积结合重金属的主要成分。