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181.
Henrik Hedenås Bengt Å. Carlsson Urban Emanuelsson Alistair D. Headley Christer Jonasson Brita M. Svensson Terry V. Callaghan 《Ambio》2012,41(3):187-196
Plant species distributions are expected to shift and diversity is expected to decline as a result of global climate change, particularly in the Arctic where climate warming is amplified. We have recorded the changes in richness and abundance of vascular plants at Abisko, sub-Arctic Sweden, by re-sampling five studies consisting of seven datasets; one in the mountain birch forest and six at open sites. The oldest study was initiated in 1977–1979 and the latest in 1992. Total species number increased at all sites except for the birch forest site where richness decreased. We found no general pattern in how composition of vascular plants has changed over time. Three species, Calamagrostis lapponica, Carex vaginata and Salix reticulata, showed an overall increase in cover/frequency, while two Equisetum taxa decreased. Instead, we showed that the magnitude and direction of changes in species richness and composition differ among sites. 相似文献
182.
Darrell E. Napton Roger F. Auch Rachel Headley Janis L. Taylor 《Regional Environmental Change》2010,10(1):37-53
The ecoregions of the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain, Southeastern Plains, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge provide a continuum of
land cover from the Atlantic Ocean to the highest mountains in the East. From 1973 to 2000, each ecoregion had a unique mosaic
of land covers and land cover changes. The forests of the Blue Ridge Mountains provided amenity lands. The Piedmont forested
area declined, while the developed area increased. The Southeastern Plains became a commercial forest region, and most agricultural
lands that changed became forested. Forests in the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain declined, and development related to recreation
and retirement increased. The most important drivers of land conversion were associated with commercial forestry, competition
between forest and agriculture, and economic and population growth. These and other drivers were modified by each ecoregion’s
unique suitability and land use legacies with the result that the same drivers often produced different land changes in different
ecoregions. 相似文献
183.
Christopher J. Hoard Ralph J. Haefner William D. Shuster Rachel L. Pieschek Stephanie Beeler 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2020,56(1):82-99
A goal in urban water management is to reduce the volume of stormwater runoff in urban systems and the effect of combined sewer overflows into receiving waters. Effective management of stormwater runoff in urban systems requires an accounting of various components of the urban water balance. To that end, precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), sewer flow, and groundwater in a 3.40‐hectare sewershed in Detroit, Michigan were monitored to capture the response of the sewershed to stormwater flow prior to implementation of stormwater control measures. Monitoring results indicate that stormflow in sewers was not initiated unless rain depth was 3.6 mm or greater. ET removed more than 40% of the precipitation in the sewershed, whereas pipe flow accounted for 19%–85% of the losses. Flows within the sewer that could not be associated with direct precipitation indicate an unexpected exchange of water between the leaky sewer and the groundwater system, pathways through abandoned or failing residential infrastructure, or a combination of both. Groundwater data indicate that groundwater flows into the leaky combined sewer rather than out. This research demonstrates that urban hydrologic fluxes can modulate the local water cycle in complex ways which affect the efficiency of the wastewater system, effectiveness of stormwater management, and, ultimately, public health. 相似文献
184.
Creating a larger role for environmental psychology: The Reasonable Person Model as an integrative framework 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We argue that the environment, broadly construed, has a profound effect on human cognition, action, and well-being. If this is true, then the field of environmental psychology has a far larger potential to aid humanity than is generally realized. We suggest that the field would be more likely to achieve this potential if it viewed environments from the perspective of human informational needs, and focused on environmental/informational patterns that have the potential to make it easier for people to help themselves. Further, achieving such benefits could be greatly enhanced by taking advantage of the many opportunities available for collaborating with researchers in other areas of psychology. The reasonable person model is offered as a perspective that could facilitate moving in these various new directions while taking advantage of the considerable existent knowledge about human–environment interactions that is currently underappreciated. 相似文献
185.
We used a GIS-based approach to examine the influence of road density and physical watershed features (watershed size, wetland
cover, and bedrock type) on water quality in coastal marshes of Georgian Bay, Ontario. We created a GIS that included landscape
information and water-quality data from a 9-year synoptic survey of 105 coastal marshes covering 28 quaternary watersheds.
Multiple regressions and partial correlations were used to discern confounding effects of human-induced (road density) versus
natural physical watershed determinants of water quality. Road density was the dominant factor influencing many water quality
variables, showing positive correlations with specific conductivity (COND), total suspended solids (TSS), and inorganic suspended
solids (ISS) and a negative correlation with overall Water Quality Index scores. Road density also showed positive correlations
with total nitrate nitrogen (TNN) and total phosphorus (TP). By comparison, larger watershed area was the main factor leading
to elevated TP concentrations. The proportion of the watershed occupied by wetlands explained the largest amount of variation
in TNN concentrations (negative correlation) and was also negatively correlated with COND and positively correlated with TSS
and ISS when we controlled for road density. Bedrock type did not have a significant effect in any of the models. Our findings
suggest that road density is currently the overriding factor governing water quality of coastal marshes in Georgian Bay during
the summer low-flow period. We recommend that natural variation in physical watershed characteristics be considered when developing
water quality standards and management practices for freshwater coastal areas. 相似文献
186.
Toxicity and removal of pesticides by selected aquatic plants 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Pesticides are being detected in water bodies on an increasingly frequent basis. The present study focused on the phytoremediation potential of selected aquatic plants to remove phytosanitary products from contaminated water. We investigated the uptake capacity of Lemna minor (L. minor), Elodea canadensis (E. canadensis) and Cabomba aquatica (C. aquatica) on three pesticides: copper sulphate (fungicide), flazasulfuron (herbicide) and dimethomorph (fungicide). Pesticide toxicity was evaluated by exposing plants to five concentrations (0-1 mg L(-1)) in culture media for 7d using chlorophyll fluorescence as a biomarker. The toxicity of the contaminants was the same for all the aquatic plants studied and occurred in this descending order of toxicity: flazasulfuron>copper>dimethomorph. We found that L. minor had the most efficient uptake capacity, followed by E. canadensis and then C. aquatica. The maximum removal rate (microg g(-1)fresh weight d(-1)) of copper, flazasulfuron and dimethomorph was 30, 27 and 11, respectively. 相似文献
187.
188.
Brown RJ Yardley RE Muhunthan D Butterfield DM Williams M Woods PT Brown AS Goddard SL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,142(1-3):127-140
Ambient air quality has been an important issue for humans and the environment for hundreds of years. More recently, definitive links have been identified between pollutants and adverse effects on human health and on environmental sustainability. Of particular concern since the last quarter of the twentieth century has been the presence of toxic 'heavy metals' in ambient air. In order to measure the concentrations of pollutants, including 'heavy metals', in ambient air, to assess human and environmental exposure, comply with developing legislation, and assess newly introduced abatement strategies, the UK government established nationwide air quality measurement networks in the late 1970s. The nationwide measurement of 'heavy metals' in ambient air began in the late 1970s, and in 1980 was developed into several national networks, aimed at different metals and different emissions sources. These networks were rationalised into the current UK Heavy Metals Monitoring Network in 2003. The data produced by the current scientific operator of the Network, the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), in 2005, marked 25 years of ambient 'heavy metals' measurement in the UK at a nationwide level. This paper celebrates this milestone and provides a novel and critical examination of Network operations, measured concentration levels, and trends, over the last quarter of a century. 相似文献
189.
Sonia R. Peter Kerry M. Peru Brian Fahlman Dena W. McMartin John V. Headley 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):819-826
As part of an exchange technology program between the government of Barbados and Environment Canada, methanolic and aqueous extracts from the flavonoid-rich Lamiaceae family were characterized using negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry. The species investigated is part of the Caribbean Pharmacopoeia, and is used for a variety of health issues, including colds, flu, diabetes, and hypertension. The extracts were investigated for structural elucidation of phenolics, identification of chemical taxonomic profile, and evidence of bio-accumulator potential. The methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus yielded rosmarinic acid, ladanein, cirsimaritin, and other methoxylated flavonoids. This genus also shows a tendency to form conjugates with monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose, and rhamnose. The aqueous extract yielded four isomeric rhamnosides. The formation of conjugates by Plectranthus amboinicus is thus evidence of high bioaccumulator significance. 相似文献
190.
John V. Headley Christine Akre F. Malcolm Conly K. M. Peru Leslie C. Dickson 《Environmental Forensics》2013,14(4):335-345
The Athabasca Oil Sands are one of four natural oil sands deposits in Northern Alberta, Canada. As a number of new mines are planned in the area, there is a need to establish background levels of natural hydrocarbon release prior to these developments. To this end, various environmental samples were taken from selected tributaries in the oil sands region of the Athabasca River Basin and analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated analogues. Samples were collected over 3 years (1998-2000) to provide an increased understanding of the spatial distribution, nature and extent of natural hydrocarbon release to the environment. Results indicated that levels of total PAHs were elevated in the tributaries (up to 34.7 µg/g) compared to the main stem Athabasca River (<2 µg/g). As expected, samples from the oil sands deposits contained the greatest amounts of PAHs and alkylated PAHs. Profiles of the alkylated PAM distributions were very similar, indicating that all the samples tested were from a common petrogenic source. 相似文献