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排序方式: 共有199条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Ralf Buckley Wiebke Warnken 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2003,32(2):84-86
我们首次证实在澳大利亚中东部没有都市和农业污染的原始汇水保护区的偏远小溪里存在着致病的原生动物表吮贾第虫(肠兰伯氏鞭毛虫)Giardia lamblia和隐小孢子虫Cryptosporidium parvum. 相似文献
152.
The PCB and DDT contamination is described in the immediate vicinity of a transformer house (Odenwald, Germany). Samples were taken inside and outside the house and analyzed. For a toxicological assessment the measured values (according toBallschmiter PCB 77 and PCB 126) are converted into toxic equivalents. 相似文献
153.
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155.
Gunold R Schäfer RB Paschke A Schüürmann G Liess M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(1):52-60
Passive sampling is a powerful method for continuous pollution monitoring, but calibration experiments are still needed to generate sampling rates in order to estimate water concentrations for polar compounds. We calibrated the Chemcatcher device with an uncovered SDB-XC Empore disk as receiving phase for 12 polar and semi-polar pesticides in aquatic environments in flow-through tank experiments at two water flow velocities (0.135 m/s and 0.4 m/s). In the 14-day period of exposure the uptake of test substances in the sampler remained linear, and all derived sampling rates R(s) were in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 L/day. By additionally monitoring the release of two preloaded polar pesticides from the SDB-XC disks over time, very high variation in release kinetics was found, which calls into question the applicability of performance reference compounds. Our study expands the applicability of the Chemcatcher for monitoring trace concentrations of pesticides with frequent occurrence in water. 相似文献
156.
Minimal-impact interpretation is widely used to reduce the ecological impacts of visitors to protected areas. We tested whether verbal appeals and/or role-model demonstrations of minimal-impact behavior by a trained guide reduced noise, litter, and trampling impacts on hiking trails in a subtropical rainforest. Interpretation did reduce impacts significantly. Different interpretive techniques were more effective for different impacts. The experimental groups were mature, well-educated professionals; interpretation may differ in effectiveness for different visitors. Interpretation by skilled guides can indeed reduce visitor impacts in protected areas, especially if role modeling is combined with verbal appeals. 相似文献
157.
Wolfgang Seiler Ralf Conrad 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):767-772
The influence of the soil on atmospheric N2O was studied by In-situ measurements in 1976–1979 at several field stations near Mainz, Germany, where different soil types were located. Measurements were carried out using the closed chamber method and applying stainless steel capillaries allowing soil air sampling down to 60 cm depth. The N2O In soil was found to be produced and consumed simultaneously In the uppermost soil layer resulting In a net flux of N2O with release rates of 0.5–16 μg N2O–Nm?2h?1 on unfertilized natural as well as agriculturally used soils. After fertilization with mineral fertilizers the N2O release rates increased to values ≤43 μg N2O–Nm?2h?1. The total amount of fertilizer-N released Into the atmosphere as N2O was determined to be 0.01–0.05% for nitrate and 0.03–0.09 % for ammonium fertilizer. 相似文献
158.
Annekatrin Dreyer Volker Matthias Ingo Weinberg Ralf Ebinghaus 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1221-9909
Twenty precipitation samples were taken concurrently with air samples at a northern German monitoring site over a period of 7 months in 2007 and 2008. Thirty four poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFC) were determined in rain water samples by solid phase extraction and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Seventeen compounds were detected in rain water with ΣPFC concentrations ranging from 1.6 ng L−1 to 48.6 ng L−1. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorobutanate (PFBA) were the compounds that were usually observed in highest concentrations. Calculated ΣPFC deposition rates were between 2 and 91 ng m−2 d−1. These findings indicate that particle phase PFC are deposited from the atmosphere by precipitation. A relationship between PFC wet deposition and air concentration may be established via precipitation amounts. Trajectory analysis revealed that PFC concentration and deposition estimates in precipitation can only be explained if a detailed air mass history is considered. 相似文献
159.
Schwyzer I Kaegi R Sigg L Magrez A Nowack B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1641-1648
The colloidal stability of dry and suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the presence of amphiphilic compounds (i.e. natural organic matter or surfactants) at environmentally realistic concentrations was investigated over several days. The suspensions were analyzed for CNT concentration (UV-vis spectroscopy), particle size (nanoparticle tracking analysis), and CNT length and dispersion quality (TEM). When added in dry form, around 1% of the added CNTs remained suspended. Pre-dispersion in organic solvent or anionic detergent stabilized up to 65% of the added CNTs after 20 days of mild shaking and 5 days of settling. The initial state of the CNTs (dry vs. suspended) and the medium composition hence are critical determinants for the partitioning of CNTs between sediment and the water column. TEM analysis revealed that single suspended CNTs were present in all suspensions and that shaking and settling resulted in a fractionation of the CNTs with shorter CNTs remaining predominantly in suspension. 相似文献
160.
Ralf Schulz 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1998,10(2):123-127
Event-triggered sampling from a stream in agricultural terrain has revealed a level of contamination considerably higher than that which has generally been assumed, although only moderate amounts of insecticides had been washed away from the cultivated fields. Macroinvertebrate sampling carried out in parallel with the contamination measurements documented severe negative effects of the insecticide inputs on the aquatic community; 8 of the 11 species disappeared from the water for a period of 3 to 6 months. In field investigations, as well as inin situ bioassays,L. lunatus andG. pulex exhibited acute responses (drifting, mortality during drifting) which were seen to be significantly higher than those values noted at an uncontaminated control site as far as even 2000 m from the input site. In these bioassays, where the animals are confined in cages, the insecticide toxicity inG. pulex may be overestimated compared to the field data since the drifting behavior of this species normally helps it to avoid contamination. 相似文献