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331.
Heterogeneity in the photoprotective capacity of three Antarctic diatoms during short-term changes in salinity and temperature 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Antarctic marine ecosystem changes seasonally, forming a temporal continuum of specialised niche habitats including open
ocean, sea ice and meltwater environments. The ability for phytoplankton to acclimate rapidly to the changed conditions of
these environments depends on the species’ physiology and photosynthetic plasticity and may ultimately determine their long-term
ecological niche adaptation. This study investigated the photophysiological plasticity and rapid acclimation response of three
Antarctic diatoms—Fragilariopsis cylindrus, Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata and Chaetoceros sp.—to a selected range of temperatures and salinities representative of the sea ice, meltwater and pelagic habitats in the
Antarctic. Fragilariopsis cylindrus displayed physiological traits typical of adaptation to the sea ice environment. Equally, this species showed photosynthetic
plasticity, acclimating to the range of environmental conditions, explaining the prevalence of this species in all Antarctic
habitats. Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata displayed a preference for the meltwater environment, but unlike F. cylindrus, photoprotective capacity was low and regulated via changes in PSII antenna size. Chaetoceros sp. had high plasticity in non-photochemical quenching, suggesting adaptation to variable light conditions experienced in
the wind-mixed pelagic environment. While only capturing short-term responses, this study highlights the diversity in photoprotective
capacity that exists amongst three dominant Antarctic diatom species and provides insight into links between ecological niche
adaptation and species’ distribution. 相似文献
332.
Camila Zatz Rachel M. Werneck Rogelio Macías-Ordóñez Glauco Machado 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(5):995-1005
Intense male–male competition for females may drive the evolution of male morphological dimorphism, which is frequently associated
with alternative mating tactics. Using modern techniques for the detection of discontinuous allometries, we describe male
dimorphism in the Neotropical harvestman Longiperna concolor, the males of which use their elongated, sexually dimorphic legs IV in fights for the possession of territories where females
lay eggs. We also tested three predictions related to the existence of alternative mating tactics: (1) if individuals with
relatively longer legs IV (majors) are more likely to monopolize access to reproductive resources, they are expected to remain
close to stable groups of females more than individuals with relatively shorter legs IV (minors) do; (2) if minors achieve
fertilization by moving between territories, they are expected to be less faithful to specific sites; and (3) majors should
be observed in aggressive interactions more often. We individually marked all the individuals from a population of Longiperna during the reproductive season and recorded the location of each sighting for males and females as well as the identity of
males involved in fights. Majors were more likely to have harems, and large majors were even more likely to do so. Majors
were more philopatric and all males involved in fights belonged to this morph. These results strongly suggest that the mating
tactic of the majors is based on resource defense whereas that of the minors probably relies on sneaking into the territories
of the majors and furtively copulating with females. 相似文献
333.
Mora MA Montoya AB Lee MC Macías-Duarte A Rodríguez-Salazar R Juergens PW Lafón-Terrazas A 《Environment international》2008,34(1):44-50
The northern aplomado falcon (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) disappeared from south Texas in the 1940s. Due to great success in the release of captive-reared aplomado falcons in south Texas, there are currently more than 40 established nesting pairs in the region. Addled eggs from aplomado falcons nesting in northern Chihuahua and south Texas were analyzed to determine organochlorine (OC) and inorganic element contaminant burdens and their potential association with egg failures and effects on reproduction. Among the OCs, DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] was present at the highest concentrations (range 262-21487 ng/g wet weight) followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, range 88-3274 ng/g ww). DDE was greater (P=0.03) in eggs from El Sueco (Chihuahua, Mexico) than in those from Matagorda Island (Texas, USA). DDE concentrations in eggs of aplomado falcons from El Sueco were elevated; however, reproductive success in the two Chihuahuan populations did not seem to be affected by DDE. DDE and metals in potential avian prey of the aplomado falcon from Matagorda Island were very low and below levels in the diet at which some negative effects might be expected. Except for mercury (Hg), metal concentrations in eggs were fairly low and were not different among locations in Chihuahua and south Texas. Hg was somewhat elevated and was greater (P<0.001) in Texas than in the Chihuahua locations. Periodic monitoring of Hg concentrations in addled eggs of aplomado falcons in south Texas is recommended to continue evaluating potential negative effects on their recovery. 相似文献
334.
Metal accumulation in the smooth toadfish, Tetractenos glaber, in estuaries around Sydney, Australia
This study determined the metal levels in sediments and tissues of a common estuarine fish, Tetractenos glaber (smooth toadfish), from two metal contaminated and two reference estuaries near Sydney, Australia. Metal levels were highest in sediments and fish from contaminated estuaries. Gonads contained the highest metal levels followed by muscle, gill and liver. Metal accumulation was gender-dependant (e.g. male gonads were >20 times higher in As than females; female gills were >30 times higher than males for Pb). Cadmium, Pb and Ni levels in fish tissues reflected sediment levels, indicating sediment and/or dietary metal uptake. Levels of As, Co, Cd & Pb in gills showed similar patterns to other tissues, suggesting that metals may have been taken up by gills through contaminated water. Similar metal patterns in tissues and sediments suggest more than one uptake pathway. This study indicates that multiple factors influence metal accumulation in fish. 相似文献