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101.
Míguez DM Huertas R Carrara MV Carnikián A Bouvier ME Martínez MJ Keel K Pioda C Darré E Pérez R Viera S Massa E 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(2):199-205
Bioassays of two sites along the Rio Negro in Uruguay indicate ecotoxicity, which could be attributable to trace concentrations of lead in river sediments. Monthly samples at two sites at Baygorria and Bonete locations were analyzed for both particle size and lead. Lead was determined by atomic spectrometry in river water and sediment and particle size by sieving and sedimentation. Data showed that Baygorria's sediments have greater percentage of clay than Bonete's (20.4 and 5.8%, respectively). Lead was measurable in Baygorria's sediments, meanwhile in Bonete's, it was always below the detection limit. In water samples, lead was below detection limit at both sites. Bioassays using sub-lethal growth and survival test with Hyalella curvispina amphipod, screening with bioluminescent bacteria Photobacterium leiognathi, and acute toxicity bioassay with Pimephales promelas fish indicated toxicity at Baygorria, with much less effect at Bonete. Even though no lethal effects could be demonstrated, higher sub-lethal toxicity was found in samples from Baygorria site, showing a possible concentration of the contaminant in the clay fraction. 相似文献
102.
Joan Navarro Lourdes López Marta Coll Claudio Barría Raquel Sáez-Liante 《Marine Biology》2014,161(7):1697-1707
Knowing the trophic ecology of marine predators is essential to develop an understanding of their ecological role in ecosystems. Research conducted on deep-sea and threatened shark species is limited. Here, by combining analyses of individual stomach contents and stable isotope values, we examined the trophic ecology (dietary composition and trophic position) of the kitefin shark Dalatias licha, a deep-sea shark considered as near threatened globally and as data deficient in the Mediterranean Sea. Results revealed the importance of small sharks in the diet of the kitefin shark at short- and long-term scales, although fin-fish, crustaceans and cephalopods were also found. Predation on sharks reveals the high trophic position of the kitefin shark within the food web of the western Mediterranean Sea. Stable isotope values from liver and muscle tissues confirmed our results from stomach content analysis and the high trophic position. 相似文献
103.
M. Oliveira A.L. Rodrigues D. Ribeiro A.G. Brito R. Nogueira A.V. Machado 《Chemistry and Ecology》2014,30(5):428-439
Eutrophication is one of the main challenges regarding the ecological quality of surface waters, phosphorus bioavailability being its main driver. In this context, a novel hybrid polymer nanocomposite (HPN-Pr) biofilm reactor aimed at integrated chemical phosphorus adsorption and biological removal was conceived. The assays pointed to removal of 1.2 mg P/g of reactive phosphorus and 1.01 mg P/g of total phosphorus under steady-state conditions. A mathematical adsorption–biological model was applied to predict reactor performance, which indicated that biological activity has a positive effect on reactor performance, increasing the amount of reactive phosphorus removed. 相似文献
104.
In this study a combined anaerobic/aerobic full-scale treatment plant designed for the treatment of the source-separated organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was monitored over a period of one year. During this period, full information was collected about the waste input material, the biogas production, the main rejects and the compost characteristics. The plant includes mechanical pre-treatment, dry thermophilic anaerobic digestion, tunnel composting system and a curing phase to produce compost. To perform the monitoring of the entire plant and the individual steps, traditional chemical methods were used but they present important limitations in determining the critical points and the efficiency of the stabilization of the organic matter. Respiration indices (dynamic and cumulative) allowed for the quantitative calculation of the efficiency of each treatment unit. The mass balance was calculated and expressed in terms of Mgy(-1) of wet (total) matter, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Results show that during the pre-treatment step about 32% of the initial wet matter is rejected without any treatment. This also reduces the biodegradability of the organic matter that continues to the treatment process. About 50% of the initial nitrogen and 86.4% of the initial phosphorus are found in the final compost. The final compost also achieves a high level of stabilization with a dynamic respiration index of 0.3±0.1g O(2) per kg of total solids per hour, which implies a reduction of 93% from that of the raw OFMSW, without considering the losses of biodegradable organic matter in the refuse (32% of the total input). The anaerobic digestion process is the main contributor to this stabilization. 相似文献
105.
Anderson Ribeiro Duarte Luiz Duczmal Sabino José Ferreira André Luiz F. Cançado 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2010,17(2):203-229
The geographic delineation of irregularly shaped spatial clusters is an ill defined problem. Whenever the spatial scan statistic
is used, some kind of penalty correction needs to be used to avoid clusters’ excessive irregularity and consequent reduction
of power of detection. Geometric compactness and non-connectivity regularity functions have been recently proposed as corrections.
We present a novel internal cohesion regularity function based on the graph topology to penalize the presence of weak links
in candidate clusters. Weak links are defined as relatively unpopulated regions within a cluster, such that their removal
disconnects it. By applying this weak link cohesion function, the most geographically meaningful clusters are sifted through
the immense set of possible irregularly shaped candidate cluster solutions. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MGA) has
been proposed recently to compute the Pareto-sets of clusters solutions, employing Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic and
the geometric correction as objective functions. We propose novel MGAs to maximize the spatial scan, the cohesion function
and the geometric function, or combinations of these functions. Numerical tests show that our proposed MGAs has high power
to detect elongated clusters, and present good sensitivity and positive predictive value. The statistical significance of
the clusters in the Pareto-set are estimated through Monte Carlo simulations. Our method distinguishes clearly those geographically
inadequate clusters which are worse from both geometric and internal cohesion viewpoints. Besides, a certain degree of irregularity
of shape is allowed provided that it does not impact internal cohesion. Our method has better power of detection for clusters
satisfying those requirements. We propose a more robust definition of spatial cluster using these concepts. 相似文献
106.
Ana Isabel Miranda Vera Martins Pedro Cascão Jorge Humberto Amorim Joana Valente Richard Tavares Carlos Borrego Oxana Tchepel António Jorge Ferreira Carlos Robalo Cordeiro Domingos Xavier Viegas Luís Mário Ribeiro Luís Paulo Pita 《Environment international》2010,36(7):736-745
Forest fires represent a serious threat to public security in Europe due to the large burned area. Moreover, smoke pollution due to forest fire events is an important public health issue for the communities directly affected, and particularly for the personnel involved in firefighting operations. Aiming to contribute to the scientific knowledge concerning firefighters exposure to forest fires smoke, data of individual exposure to carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter were obtained during experimental field fires for a group of 10 firefighters equipped with portable “in continuum” measuring devices. Measured values are very high exceeding the Occupational Exposure Standard limits, in particular for peak limit thresholds. These are the first measurements and analysis of firefighter's individual exposure to toxic gases and particles in fire smoke experiments in Europe. However, they already indicate that urgent measures to avoid these levels of exposure are needed. 相似文献
107.
Heavy metal and trace elements in riparian vegetation and macrophytes associated with lacustrine systems in Northern Patagonia Andean Range 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrea Juárez María A. Arribére Marina Arcagni Natalia Williams Andrea Rizzo Sergio Ribeiro Guevara 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):17995-18009
Vegetation associated with lacustrine systems in Northern Patagonia was studied for heavy metal and trace element contents, regarding their elemental contribution to these aquatic ecosystems. The research focused on native species and exotic vascular plant Salix spp. potential for absorbing heavy metals and trace elements. The native species studied were riparian Amomyrtus luma, Austrocedrus chilensis, Chusquea culeou, Desfontainia fulgens, Escallonia rubra, Gaultheria mucronata, Lomatia hirsuta, Luma apiculata, Maytenus boaria, Myrceugenia exsucca, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyi, Schinus patagonicus, and Weinmannia trichosperma, and macrophytes Hydrocotyle chamaemorus, Isöetes chubutiana, Galium sp., Myriophyllum quitense, Nitella sp. (algae), Potamogeton linguatus, Ranunculus sp., and Schoenoplectus californicus. Fresh leaves were analyzed as well as leaves decomposing within the aquatic bodies, collected from lakes Futalaufquen and Rivadavia (Los Alerces National Park), and lakes Moreno and Nahuel Huapi (Nahuel Huapi National Park). The elements studied were heavy metals Ag, As, Cd, Hg, and U, major elements Ca, K, and Fe, and trace elements Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Hf, Na, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn. Geochemical tracers La and Sm were also determined to evaluate contamination of the biological tissues by geological particulate (sediment, soil, dust) and to implement concentration corrections. 相似文献
108.
Sánchez B Sánchez-Muñoz M Muñoz-Vicente M Cobas G Portela R Suárez S González AE Rodríguez N Amils R 《Chemosphere》2012,87(6):625-630
The photocatalytic elimination of microorganisms from indoor air in realistic conditions and the feasibility of simultaneous elimination of chemical contaminants have been studied at laboratory scale. Transparent polymeric monoliths have been coated with sol-gel TiO(2) films and used as photocatalyst to treat real indoor air in a laboratory-scale single-step annular photocatalytic reactor. The analytical techniques used to characterize the air quality and analyze the results of the photocatalytic tests were: colony counting, microscopy and PCR with subsequent sequencing for microbial quantification and identification; automated thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection for chemical analysis. The first experiments performed proved that photocatalysis based on UVA-irradiated TiO(2) for the reduction of the concentration of bacteria in the air could compete with the conventional photolytic treatment with UVC radiation, more expensive and hazardous. Simultaneously to the disinfection, the concentration of volatile organic compounds was greatly reduced, which adds value to this technology for real applications. The fungal colony number was not apparently modified. 相似文献
109.
110.
Saro L Lopes I Chastinet CB Cohin-de-Pinho SJ Moreira-Santos M da Silva EM Ribeiro R 《Chemosphere》2011,82(7):1072-1079
To predict how re-colonisation of acidified lakes will proceed, at least two approaches are possible: (i) to compare the life history traits of candidate species and determine which one has the highest fitness, and (ii) to simulate a more realistic scenario carrying out experiments with the grouping of the candidate species, so that the intrinsic rate of natural increase of each species is integrated with its sensitivity to low pH and its ability to compete with the other candidate populations. The objective of the present study was to investigate the future re-colonisation of such acidified systems, taking as case-study a tropical pond (Lagoa das Dunas, Camaçari, BA, Brazil) and four species of cladocerans occurring in nearby water bodies (Ceriodaphniacornuta, Ceriodaphniasilvestrii, Latonopsisaustralis and Macrothrix elegans), by comparing the two above mentioned approaches. The second approach included two sets of in situ microcosms experiments, one simulating the re-colonisation by immigrating ephippia, thus using neonates of each species as colonisers, and another simulating the immigration of adults. Both these simulations followed nearly the same trends. The integration of the effects of a higher temperature, a different photoperiod and species competition determined differences in the species densities ranking between the two approaches: life history versus microcosms. The densities of C.cornuta in the microcosms matched the biphasic concentration/response hormetic model, in the simultaneous presence of two increasingly intense stressors (interspecific competition and acidity), with a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition. The present study provided, thus, a further support to the acceptance of hormesis in ecotoxicology, also at the population level in multispecies experiments. 相似文献