Male albino rats were fed for 28 days from weaning on diets containing 5% (group 1), 10% (group 2) and 21% (group 3, normal protein) protein as casein. At the end of dietary period, HCH was administered daily for 30 days to investigate the interaction between protein deficiency and pesticide toxicity. The results indicated that rats fed a lower protein diet and HCH had a higher mortality, lower rate of growth, increased liver weight and deposition of the pesticide in blood and tissues in larger amounts. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was significantly increased and the heart rate showed tachycardia in low protein exposed animals. A significant increase of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycirides, free fatty acids in serum and tissues of animals exposed to low protein was observed. A close correlation existed between lipid accumulation and storage of HCH in tissues and dietary protein seemed to play an important role in detoxification. 相似文献
Supervised field trials following good agricultural practices were conducted at the research farms of four agricultural universities located at four different agroclimatic zones of India to evaluate the persistence and dissipation of flubendiamide and its metabolite, des-iodo flubendiamide, on cabbage. Two spray applications of flubendiamide 480 SC of standard and double dose at the rate of 24 and 48 g a.i. ha?1 were given to the crop at a 15-day interval, and the residues of flubendiamide 2 h after spray were found in the range of 0.107–0.33 and 0.20–0.49 mg kg?1 at respective doses. Residue of des-iodo flubendiamide was not detected in any cabbage sample during study period. No residues were found in the soil samples collected from all treated fields after 15 days of application. On the basis of data generated under All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, a preharvest interval (PHI) of 10 days has been recommended, and the flubendiamide 480 SC has been registered for its use on cabbage by Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The maximum residue limit (MRL) of flubendiamide on cabbage has been fixed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, under Food Safety Standard Authority of India as 0.05 μg/g after its risk assessment. 相似文献
Conjunctive use of saline/non-saline irrigation waters is generally aimed at minimizing yield losses and enhancing flexibility
of cropping, without much alteration in farming operations. Recommendation of location-specific suitable conjunctive water
use plans requires assessment of their long-term impacts on soil salinization/sodification and crop yield reductions. This
is conventionally achieved through long-term field experiments. However such impact evaluations are site specific, expensive
and time consuming. Appropriate decision support systems (DSS) can be time-efficient and cost-effective means for such long-term
impact evaluations. This study demonstrates the application of one such (indigenously developed) DSS for recommending best
conjunctive water use plans for a, rice-wheat growing, salt affected farmer’s field in Gurgaon district of Haryana (India).
Before application, the DSS was extensively validated on several farmers and controlled experimental fields in Gurgaon and
Karnal districts of Haryana (India). Validation of DSS showed its potential to give realistic estimates of root zone soil
salinity (with R = 0.76–0.94; AMRE = 0.03–0.06; RMSPD = 0.51–0.90); sodicity (with R = 0.99; AMRE = 0.02; RMSPD = 0.84) and relative crop yield reductions (AMRE = 0.24), under existing (local) resource management
practices. Long term (10 years) root zone salt build ups and associated rice/wheat crop yield reductions, in a salt affected
farmer’s field, under varied conjunctive water use scenarios were evaluated with the validated DSS. It was observed that long-term
applications of canal (CW) and tube well (TW) waters in a cycle and in 1:1 mixed mode, during Kharif season, predicted higher average root zone salt reductions (2–9%) and lower rice crop yield reductions (4–5%) than the existing
practice of 3-CW, 3-TW, 3-CW. Besides this, long-term application of 75% CW mixed with 25% TW, during Rabi season, predicted about 17% lower average root-zone salt reductions than the cyclic applications of (1-CW, 1-TW, 2-CW) and
(2-CW, 1-TW, 1-CW, i.e., existing irrigation strategy). However, average wheat crop yield reductions (16–17%) simulated under
all these strategies were almost at par. In general, cyclic-conjunctive water use strategies emerged as better options than
the blending modes. These results were in complete confirmation with actual long-term conjunctive water use experiments on
similar soils. It was thus observed that such pre-validated tools could be efficient means for designing, local resource and
target crop yield-specific, appropriate conjunctive water use plans for irrigated agricultural lands. 相似文献
A survey undertaken in Kanpur, northern India, has shown the presence of high concentrations of both organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides in the surface and ground water samples. Liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC-ECD was used for the determination of these compounds. Among the various pesticides analyzed, high concentrations of gamma-HCH (0.259 microg/l) and malathion (2.618 microg/l) were detected in the surface water samples collected from the River Ganges in Kanpur. In the ground water samples collected from the various hand pumps located in agricultural and industrial areas, apart from gamma-HCH and malathion, dieldrin was also detected. The maximum concentration values of gamma-HCH, malathion and dieldrin were 0.900, 29.835 and 16.227 microg/l, respectively. Especially, the concentration of malathion was found to be much higher than the EC water quality standards in the ground water samples from industrial area posing a high risk to the common people. Pesticides like DDE, DDT, aldrin, ethion, methyl parathion and endosulfan were not detected in both the surface and ground water samples. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concentration of trace metals Mn, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cu in the core sediment from Kabar Tal wetland was analyzed to understand the level of... 相似文献
The present study evaluated the potential of white-rot fungal strain Coriolus versicolor to decolorize five structurally di erent dyes
in sequential batch reactors under optimized conditions. The experiments were run continuously for seven cycles of 8 d each. High
decolorizing activity was observed even during the repeated reuse of the fungus, especially when the old medium was replaced with
fresh medium after every cycle. Biodegradation was the dominating factor as the fungus was able to produce the enzyme laccase mainly,
to mineralize synthetic dyes. The nutrients and composition of the medium played important roles in sustaining the decolorisation
potential of the fungus. Corncob was found be an easy and cheap substitute for carbon source for the fungus. Glucose consumption by
the fungus was in accordance to its decolorisation activity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction. 相似文献
The presence of recalcitrant contaminants in wastewater is major challenge to decrease pollution and associated health issues. As a consequence, membrane technologies have recently attracted industrial attention, yet a major setback of membrane employment is membrane fouling which leads to frequent discarding of membrane modules. More than 45% of all membrane fouling cases are caused by biofilms that are resistant to antimicrobial agents. Here we review polymeric membranes with antifouling properties, with focus on surface properties, fabrication, characterization, biocatalysis using enzymes and application towards the removal of dyes, phenol, pesticides and fertilizers. Nano-engineered fabrication of polymeric membranes allow to decrease fouling by 80–90%. Immobilized oxidoreductases in polymeric membranes allow 65–98% removal contaminants in wastewater.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement... 相似文献