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231.
Reddy MV Babu KS Balaram V Satyanarayanan M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):1991-2000
The surface water qualities of Hussainsagar, an eutrophic urban lake in the midst of twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad
(India) receiving large quantities of external inputs—both untreated municipal sewage containing industrial effluents, and
treated sewage, a large number of annually immersed idols of God and Goddess, and intense boating activities were assessed
in relation to the concentration of elements including heavy metals of the water along the necklace road of the lake. Elemental
analyses of water using ICP-MS revealed 26 elements including heavy metals—As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Ba, Zn, Mo,
V, Co, Ag, Sr, Rb, Mg, K, Ca, Al, Si, Sb, Na, Li, and B, in the surface water of the lake. Of these, the first 15 elements
were found in elevated concentrations in the water at the outfall point of the untreated municipal sewage (site 3), which
was the main dominating source of contamination of the lake water while Cu and Sb were recorded in higher concentrations at
the outfall of treated effluent from Sewage Treatment Plant, and three elements (Ba, Si, and B) were in higher concentration
at the sites of outfall of sewage flowing from an oxygenated pond (site 4), Ca, Zn, and Sr, at the site immersed with idols
(site 1), and Pb, Ag, and Al at the center of the lake (site 5) with intense boating activities. Concentrations of most of
these elements exceeded the maximum permissible limits of national (Indian Council Medical Research) standards for drinking
water. The concentrations of most of the elemental contaminants showed significant positive correlations between them. 相似文献
232.
P. Rama Chandra Prasad Nidhi Nagabhatla C. S. Reddy Stutee Gupta K. S. Rajan S. H. Raza C. B. S. Dutt 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,160(1-4):541-553
The present study outlines an approach to classify forest density and to estimate canopy closure of the forest of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago. The vector layers generated for the study area using satellite data was validated with the field knowledge of the surveyed ground control points. The methodology adopted in this present analysis is three-tiered. First, the density stratification into five zones using visual interpretation for the complete archipelago. In the second step, we identified two island groups from the Andaman to investigate and compare the forest strata density. The third and final step involved more of a localised phytosociological module that focused on the North Andaman Islands. The results based on the analysis of the high-resolution satellite data show that more than 75% of the mangroves are under high- to very high-density canopy class. The framework developed would serve as a significant measure to forest health and evaluate management concerns whilst addressing issues such as gap identification, conservation prioritisation and disaster management—principally to the post-tsunami assessment and analysis. 相似文献
233.
234.
Abstract A simple technique was demonstrated for determining the potential for synthetic organics to stress microbial populations. Oxidized Crowley and Cecil soil materials were amended with varying concentrations of 2,4‐D and methyl parathion, flooded, and then analyzed for changes in pH, redox potential, and levels of soluble plus exchangeable Fe, Mn, and Zn, all of which may be directly or indirectly influenced by the activity of soil microorganisms. At the concentrations tested (up to 75 ppm), there was little effect of 2,4‐D, but methyl parathion apparently did affect microbial activity contributing to changes in the measured soil properties upon flooding. This approach may be a useful technique for screening various compounds for their potential to stress microbial activity that, for many researchers, would be easier than direct observations of microbial parameters such as population numbers and classifications, and enzyme levels. 相似文献
235.
A newly developed and validated constitutive model that accounts for primary compression and time-dependent mechanical creep and biodegradation is used for parametric study to investigate the effects of model parameters on the predicted settlement of municipal solid waste (MSW) with time. The model enables the prediction of stress strain response and yield surfaces for three components of settlement: primary compression, mechanical creep, and biodegradation. The MSW parameters investigated include compression index, coefficient of earth pressure at-rest, overconsolidation ratio, and biodegradation parameters of MSW. A comparison of the predicted settlements for typical MSW landfill conditions showed significant differences in time-settlement response depending on the selected model input parameters. The effect of lift thickness of MSW on predicted settlement is also investigated. Overall, the study shows that the variation in the model parameters can lead to significantly different results; therefore, the model parameter values should be carefully selected to predict landfill settlements accurately. It is shown that the proposed model captures the time settlement response which is in general agreement with the results obtained from the other two reported models having similar features. 相似文献
236.
Reddy Nimma Sathvik Lahoti Mukund 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(10):25356-25366
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Building materials constitute a considerable portion of all the materials we use and about half the waste (in solid form) generated worldwide.... 相似文献
237.
Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati Chi-Hyeon Lee Min Hee Park Byeong-Kyu Lee 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(1):91-99
The feasibility of the selective surface hydrophilization of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) using microwave treatment to facilitate the separation of PVC via froth flotation from automobile shredder residue (ASR) and electronic waste shredder residue (ESR) was evaluated. In the presence of powder-activated carbon (PAC), 60-s microwave treatment selectively enhanced the hydrophilicity of the PVC surface (i.e., the PVC contact angle decreased from 86.8° to 69.9°). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results are consistent with increased hydrophilic functional groups (i.e., ether, hydroxyl, and carboxyl), amounting to significant changes in the morphology and roughness of the PVC surface after treatment. After only 60 s of microwave treatment, 20 % of the PVC was separated in virgin and ASR/ESR plastics with 33 and 29 % purity, respectively, as settled fractions by froth flotation at a 150 rpm mixing speed. The microwave treatment with the addition of PAC had a synergetic effect with the froth flotation, which brought about 100 and 90 % selective separation of PVC from the other virgin and ASR/ESR plastics, with 91 and 82 % purity. The use of the combined froth flotation and microwave treatments is an effective technology for separating PVC from hazardous waste plastics. 相似文献
238.
M. M. Reddy Rahul K. Gupta Rakesh K. Gupta S. N. Bhattacharya R. Parthasarathy 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(1):27-34
The best approach to induce oxo-biodegradation in polyethylene is the use of special additives known as pro-oxidants. Pro-oxidants
accelerate abiotic oxidation and subsequent polymer chain cleavage rendering the product apparently more susceptible to biodegradation.
In this work, the abiotic oxidation is studied to understand how the addition of nanoclay affects the oxidation rate and the
degradation mechanism of oxo-biodegradable polyethylene. In order to achieve this, the following materials were used in this
study: (1) polyethylene (PE), (2) oxo-biodegradable polyethylene (OPE), (3) polyethylene nanocomposite (PENac), and (4) oxo-biodegradable
polyethylene nanocomposite (OPENac). Wide-Angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies
reveal that grafting in the preparation of composites helps to achieve mixed intercalated/exfoliated morphology in PENac and
OPENac. Abiotic oxidation was carried out in an oven for a period of 14 days at 70 °C with air supply. The effect of abiotic
oxidation was evaluated by measuring the changes in tensile strength, elongation at break, carbonyl index and molecular weight.
Results show that OPE and OPENac are more susceptible to oxidation than PENac. The molecular weight distribution data obtained
from GPC reveal that the addition of nanoclay does not alter the oxidation mechanism in OPE significantly. 相似文献
239.
Halogenated 1'methyl-1,2'-bipyrroles (MBPs) have been identified worldwide in marine mammals. Here we present the tentative identification of previously undetected MBP congeners in Delpinus delphis blubber using gas chromatography/electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOF-MS). This is the first report of 26 congeners. The presence of numerous partially halogenated congeners suggests that they are either biosynthesized concomitantly with their perhalogenated counterparts or that their dehalogenation products can also bioaccumulate. The newly found compounds fit the geographic trend that has been previously noted. That is, samples from the Atlantic Ocean are dominated by the more brominated congeners while those from the Pacific are dominated by the more chlorinated congeners. 相似文献
240.
This paper reports an investigation of the sublethal toxicity of cypermethrin (20 µg/l) on the levels of respiration and selected ions in tissues of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). A significant decrease in O
2 consumption and ions was observed in gill, brain, liver and muscle tissues of cypermethrinexposed fish. The decreased rate of O
2 consumption may be due to inhibition of oxidative enzymes during cypermethrin stress. 相似文献