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111.
Negative density-dependent mortality can promote species coexistence through a spacing mechanism that prevents species from becoming too locally abundant. Negative density-dependent seedling mortality can be caused by interactions among seedlings or between seedlings and neighboring adults if the density of neighbors affects the strength of competition or facilitates the attack of natural enemies. We investigated the effects of seedling and adult neighborhoods on the survival of newly recruited seedlings for multiple cohorts of known age from 163 species in Yasuni National Park, Ecuador, an ever-wet, hyper-diverse lowland Amazonian rain forest. At local scales, we found a strong negative impact on first-year survival of conspecific seedling densities and adult abundance in multiple neighborhood sizes and a beneficial effect of a local tree neighborhood that is distantly related to the focal seedling. Once seedlings have survived their first year, they also benefit from a more phylogenetically dispersed seedling neighborhood. Across species, we did not find evidence that rare species have an advantage relative to more common species, or a community compensatory trend. These results suggest that the local biotic neighborhood is a strong influence on early seedling survival for species that range widely in their abundance and life history. These patterns in seedling survival demonstrate the role of density-dependent seedling dynamics in promoting and maintaining diversity in understory seedling assemblages. The assemblage-wide impacts of species abundance distributions may multiply with repeated cycles of recruitment and density-dependent seedling mortality and impact forest diversity or the abundance of individual species over longer time scales. 相似文献
112.
Current status and perspectives of accelerated carbonation processes on municipal waste combustion residues 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Costa G Baciocchi R Polettini A Pomi R Hills CD Carey PJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):55-75
The increasing volumes of municipal solid waste produced worldwide are encouraging the development of processes to reduce
the environmental impact of this waste stream. Combustion technology can facilitate volume reduction of up to 90%, with the
inorganic contaminants being captured in furnace bottom ash, and fly ash/APC residues. The disposal or reuse of these residues
is however governed by the potential release of constituent contaminants into the environment. Accelerated carbonation has
been shown to have a potential for improving the chemical stability and leaching behaviour of both bottom ash and fly ash/APC
residues. However, the efficacy of carbonation depends on whether the method of gas application is direct or indirect. Also
important are the mineralogy, chemistry and physical properties of the fresh ash, the carbonation reaction conditions such
as temperature, contact time, CO2 partial pressure and relative humidity. This paper reviews the main issues pertaining to the application of accelerated carbonation
to municipal waste combustion residues to elucidate the potential benefits on the stabilization of such residues and for reducing
CO2 emissions. In particular, the modification of ash properties that occur upon carbonation and the CO2 sequestration potential possible under different conditions are discussed. Although accelerated carbonation is a developing
technology, it could be introduced in new incinerator facilities as a “finishing step” for both ash treatment and reduction
of CO2 emissions. 相似文献
113.
de Oliveira Paulo Renato Souza Trugilho Paulo Fernando de Oliveira Tiago Jose Pires 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(6):8559-8559
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s11356-021-16529-z 相似文献
114.
de Oliveira Paulo Renato Souza Trugilho Paulo Fernando de Oliveira Tiago José Pires 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(6):8549-8558
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Agro-industries, leveraged by the high demand of acai products, promote environmental impact through the generation of wastes in several locals in... 相似文献
115.
Pablo V. Prieto Jacob J. Bukoski Felipe S. M. Barros Hawthorne L. Beyer Alvaro Iribarrem Pedro H. S. Brancalion Robin L. Chazdon David B. Lindenmayer Bernardo B. N. Strassburg Manuel R. Guariguata Renato Crouzeilles 《Conservation biology》2022,36(3):e13842
Natural forest regrowth is a cost-effective, nature-based solution for biodiversity recovery, yet different socioenvironmental factors can lead to variable outcomes. A critical knowledge gap in forest restoration planning is how to predict where natural forest regrowth is likely to lead to high levels of biodiversity recovery, which is an indicator of conservation value and the potential provisioning of diverse ecosystem services. We sought to predict and map landscape-scale recovery of species richness and total abundance of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in tropical and subtropical second-growth forests to inform spatial restoration planning. First, we conducted a global meta-analysis to quantify the extent to which recovery of species richness and total abundance in second-growth forests deviated from biodiversity values in reference old-growth forests in the same landscape. Second, we employed a machine-learning algorithm and a comprehensive set of socioenvironmental factors to spatially predict landscape-scale deviation and map it. Models explained on average 34% of observed variance in recovery (range 9–51%). Landscape-scale biodiversity recovery in second-growth forests was spatially predicted based on socioenvironmental landscape factors (human demography, land use and cover, anthropogenic and natural disturbance, ecosystem productivity, and topography and soil chemistry); was significantly higher for species richness than for total abundance for vertebrates (median range-adjusted predicted deviation 0.09 vs. 0.34) and invertebrates (0.2 vs. 0.35) but not for plants (which showed a similar recovery for both metrics [0.24 vs. 0.25]); and was positively correlated for total abundance of plant and vertebrate species (Pearson r = 0.45, p = 0.001). Our approach can help identify tropical and subtropical forest landscapes with high potential for biodiversity recovery through natural forest regrowth. 相似文献