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Biological treatment of waste gas styrene vapor was investigated in a three-stage bench-scale biofilter. Yard waste compost mixed with shredded hard plastics in a 25:75 v/v ratio of plastics:compost was inoculated with thickened municipal activated sludge. Microbial acclimation to styrene was achieved by exposing the system to an inlet concentration (C(In)) of 0.25 gm(-3) styrene and an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 360 s for 30 days. Under steady-state conditions, maximum elimination capacity (EC) obtained was 45 gm(-3)h(-1) at a loading rate (L) of 60 gm(-3)h(-1) (C(In) of 2 gm(-3) and EBRT of 120 s). Reduction of retention time adversely impacted the performance resulting in the maximum EC of 39 and 27 gm(-3)h(-1) for EBRT of 60 and 30 s, respectively. Evaluation of the concentration profile along the bed height indicated dominance of first-order kinetics at C(In) < or = 0.45 gm(-3) and zero-order for higher concentrations. 相似文献
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Ahmad Bahoo Toroody Mohammad Mahdy Abaei Reza Gholamnia 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(4):532-540
Risk assessment can be classified into two broad categories: traditional and modern. This paper is aimed at contrasting the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) as a modern approach with the fault tree analysis (FTA) as a traditional method, regarding assessing the risks of a complex system. Applied methodology by which the risk assessment is carried out, is presented in each approach. Also, FRAM network is executed with regard to nonlinear interaction of human and organizational levels to assess the safety of technological systems. The methodology is implemented for lifting structures deep offshore. The main finding of this paper is that the combined application of FTA and FRAM during risk assessment, could provide complementary perspectives and may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of an incident. Finally, it is shown that coupling a FRAM network with a suitable quantitative method will result in a plausible outcome for a predefined accident scenario. 相似文献
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Ali Azizi Amineh Ghorbani Bahram Malekmohammadi Hamid Reza Jafari 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(10):1785-1808
Although mismanagement of groundwater resources has resulted in their destruction over centuries, climate change is speeding up this process more than ever. On the one hand, urgent action by government bodies is needed to address the challenge. On the other hand, a vast body of literature proves that bottom-up collective action, although requiring a longer time period, is a better solution to manage such resources. This research aims to address this dilemma. The groundwater resource in Ardabil plain in Iran, which has long been managed solely through government intervention, has been chosen as a case study to explore the opportunities and limitations of managing a critically endangered area from a common pool resource perspective. Our study suggests that managing Ardabil groundwater resources should be conducted on two scales. The bottom-up institutional agreements should take place at village scale while the government should stay in charge of the overall organization at plain scale. 相似文献
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A. H. M. Selim Reza Jiin-Shuh Jean Huai-Jen Yang Ming-Kuo Lee Hua-Fen Hsu Chia-Chuan Liu Yao-Chang Lee Jochen Bundschuh Kao-Hong Lin Chi-Yu Lee 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(3):235-258
Humic substances in groundwater and aquifer sediments from the arsenicosis and Blackfoot disease (BFD) affected areas in Bangladesh
(Bengal delta plain) and Taiwan (Lanyang plain and Chianan plain) were characterized using fluorescence spectrophotometry
and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the mean concentration of As and relative
intensity of fluorescent humic substances are higher in the Chianan plain groundwater than those in the Lanyang plain and
Bengal delta plain groundwater. The mean As concentrations in Bengal delta plain, Chianan plain, and Lanyang plain are 50.65 μg/l
(2.8–170.8 μg/l, n = 20), 393 μg/l (9–704 μg/l, n = 5), and 104.5 μg/l (2.51–543 μg/l, n = 6), respectively. Average concentrations and relative fluorescent intensity of humic substances in groundwater are 25.381 QSU
(quinine standard unit) and 17.78 in the Bengal delta plain, 184.032 QSU and 128.41 in the Chianan plain, and 77.56 QSU and
53.43 in the Lanyang plain. Moreover, FT-IR analysis shows that the humic substances extracted from the Chianan plain groundwater
contain phenolic, alkanes, aromatic ring and amine groups, which tend to form metal carbon bonds with As and other trace elements.
By contrast, the spectra show that humic substances are largely absent from sediments and groundwater in the Bengal delta
plain and Lanyang plain. The data suggest that the reductive dissolution of As-adsorbed Mn oxyhydroxides is the most probable
mechanism for mobilization of As in the Bengal delta plain. However, in the Chianan plain and Lanyang plain, microbially mediated
reductive dissolution of As-adsorbed amorphous/crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides in organic-rich sediments is the primary mechanism
for releasing As to groundwater. High levels of As and humic substances possibly play a critical role in causing the unique
BFD in the Chianan plain of SW Taiwan. 相似文献
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Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz Somayeh Moradi Ali Reza Madram Hamid Reza Pouretedal Karim Esmailpour Arash Shokrolahi 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(4):650-659
This work presents a novel, reliable and simple method of estimating the flash point of various types of flammable amines, which are important for safety measures in industrial processes. Different amines include aliphatic amines such as primary, secondary, tertiary and cyclic amines as well as aromatic amines and hetero arenes containing nitrogen heteroatom. The proposed correlation is based on the contribution of some specific molecular moieties and functional groups, which can easily be used for any types of amines. Intermolecular forces are important in the new method, which are counted by two increasing and decreasing parameters. The root mean square (rms) deviation is 18 K for different classes of amines including 133 diverse compounds. The estimated flash points have been compared with one of the best available predictive methods, which gives much lower value of the rms deviation. 相似文献