Feeding deltamethrin-contaminated grains to domestic poultry, such as quails may result in toxic effects in these birds. This study was done to investigate the effects of recommended doses of deltamethrin, sometimes used in grain storage silos, on Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Quails were fed grains contaminated with 0.25 and 0.50 mg deltamethrin per kg diet for 21 days and the effects on survival and blood biochemical parameters were studied. Plasma uric acid, creatinine levels, and creatinine phosphokinase activity in the blood were increased. Aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and glucose levels significantly increased in birds treated with the high dose of deltamethrin. Alanine aminotransferase activity and albumin or cholesterol levels were not changed, and acetylcholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase activities, total protein and globulin in plasma were decreased. Administration of 0.25 mg/kg deltamethrin caused increased blood triglyceride levels, 0.50 mg/kg deltamethrin decreased triglyceride levels. 相似文献
The degradation of chitosan by means of ultrasound irradiation and its combination with homogeneous photocatalysis (photo-Fenton)
was investigated. Emphasis was given on the effect of additive on degradation rate constants. 24 kHz of ultrasound irradiation
was provided by a sonicator, while an ultraviolet source of 16 W was used for UV irradiation. To increase the efficiency of
degradation process, degradation system was combined with Fe(III) (2.5 × 10−4mol/L) and H2O2 (0.020–0.118 mol/L) in the presence of UV irradiation and the rate of degradation process change from 1.873 × 10−9−6.083 × 10−9 mol1.7 L s−1. Photo-Fenton process led to complete chitosan degradation in 60 min with the rate increasing with increasing catalyst loading.
Sonophotocatalysis in the presence of Fe(III)/H2O2 was always faster than the respective individual processes. A synergistic effect between ultrasound and ultraviolet irradiation
in the presence of Fenton reagent was calculated. The degraded chitosans were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), gel
permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and average molecular weight of ultrasonicated
chitosan was determined by measurements of intrinsic viscosity of samples. The results show that the total degree of deacetylation
(DD) of chitosan change, partially after degradation and the decrease of molecular weight led to transformation of crystal
structure. A negative order for the dependence of the reaction rate on total molar concentration of chitosan solution within
the degradation process was suggested. Results of this study indicate that the presence of catalyst in the reaction medium
can be utilized to reduce molecular weight of chitosan while maintaining the power of irradiated ultrasound and degree of
deacetylation. 相似文献
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Modeling of leaching process as a function of operational variables can specify an accurate perspective in the forecasting of valuable... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Persian... 相似文献
Scleractinian coral species harbour communities of photosynthetic taxa of the genus Symbiodinium. As many as eight genetic clades (A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H) of Symbiodinium have been discovered using molecular biology. These clades may differ from each other in their physiology, and thus influence
the ecological distribution and resilience of their host corals to environmental stresses. Corals of the Persian Gulf are
normally subject to extreme environmental conditions including high salinity and seasonal variation in temperature. This study
is the first to use molecular techniques to identify the Symbiodinium of the Iranian coral reefs to the level of phylogenetic clades. Samples of eight coral species were collected at two different
depths from the eastern part of Kish Island in the northern Persian Gulf, and Larak Island in the Strait of Hormuz. Partial
28S nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA of Symbiodinium (D1/D2 domains) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were analyzed using single stranded conformational
polymorphism and phylogenetic analyses of the LSU DNA sequences from a subset of the samples. The results showed that Symbiodinium populations were generally uniform among and within the populations of eight coral species studied, and there are at least
two clades of Symbiodinium from Kish and Larak islands. Clade D was detected from eight of the coral species while clade C was found in two of species
only (one species hosted two clades simultaneously). The dominance of clade D might be explained by high temperatures or the
extreme temperature variation, typical of the Persian Gulf.
Publication of this article was held up owing to technical problems. The publisher apologizes sincerely for this lengthy delay. 相似文献
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a theory-based questionnaire to measure road crossing attitudes and potentially risky pedestrian behavior.
Methods: A cross-sectional validation study was carried out on a total sample of 380 young adults aged 18 to 25 years who live in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected from January 27 to May 20, 2015, using a self-administered structured pool of 76 items that was developed from research on the theory of planned behavior. A panel of subject-matter experts evaluated the items for content validity index and content validity ratio, and the questionnaire was pretested. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to test construct validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses were done to assess internal consistency and stability of the scale.
Results: From the initial 76 items, 38 items were found to be appropriate for assessing the pedestrian road crossing behavior (PEROB) of young adults in Tehran. A 9-factor solution revealed an exploratory factor analysis that jointly accounted for 63.8% of the variance observed. Additional analyses also indicated acceptable results for the internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha value ranging from 0.67 to 0.88 and ICC values ranging from 0.64 to 0.96.
Conclusions: This psychometric evaluation of a self-administered instrument resulted in a reliable and valid instrument to assess young adult pedestrians' self-reported road crossing attitudes and behaviors in Tehran. Further development of the instrument is needed to assess its applicability to other road users, particularly older pedestrians. 相似文献
Objective: Despite strong evidence of the effectiveness of child safety seats in reducing injuries, the use of these devices in some communities is still rare. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of child safety seat use and the factors influencing its use in the safe community of Tehran.
Methods: This roadside observational study was conducted in 2015 and 2,178 personal cars with a child under 12 years aboard were observed on Tehran's streets in regard to use of child safety seats. Other variables such as the gender of the driver, driver's age group, type of street, region of municipality, time of day, and day of the week were also collected.
Results: Prevalence of child safety seat use was 4.3% and was significantly higher among women drivers, on freeways, and in municipal regions 1, 4, and 7.
Conclusions: The prevalence of child safety seat use in Tehran as a most populous member of the international safe community was very low and most children commuted in insecure situations in the vehicle. Therefore, it is proposed that plans should be made to increase the use of child safety seats in international safe communities. 相似文献