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81.
Ricardo Braun 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(1):19-39
The implementation of sustainable development requires several support instruments. One of the major instruments in the Rio
Declaration to support this process has been environmental assessment that has been given considerable emphasis as to its
potential ability to help achieve more sustainable forms of development.
Regional environmental assessment (REA) has shown to be effective in supporting local sustainable development process. Selected
environmental assessment methods have been␣used to improve the REA exercise and provide reliable data for decision-making
not only to correct environmental problems due to past unsustainable social-economic developments but also help local governments
to implement Agenda 21 (AG21) plans and projects. 相似文献
82.
Naumburg E Mata-Gonzalez R Hunter RG McLendon T Martin DW 《Environmental management》2005,35(6):726-740
Although changes in depth to groundwater occur naturally, anthropogenic alterations may exacerbate these fluctuations and, thus, affect vegetation reliant on groundwater. These effects include changes in physiology, structure, and community dynamics, particularly in arid regions where groundwater can be an important water source for many plants. To properly manage ecosystems subject to changes in depth to groundwater, plant responses to both rising and falling groundwater tables must be understood. However, most research has focused exclusively on riparian ecosystems, ignoring regions where groundwater is available to a wider range of species. Here, we review responses of riparian and other species to changes in groundwater levels in arid environments. Although decreasing water tables often result in plant water stress and reduced live biomass, the converse is not necessarily true for rising water tables. Initially, rising water tables kill flooded roots because most species cannot tolerate the associated low oxygen levels. Thus, flooded plants can also experience water stress. Ultimately, individual species responses to either scenario depend on drought and flooding tolerance and the change in root system size and water uptake capacity. However, additional environmental and biological factors can play important roles in the severity of vegetation response to altered groundwater tables. Using the reviewed information, we created two conceptual models to highlight vegetation dynamics in areas with groundwater fluctuations. These models use flow charts to identify key vegetation and ecosystem properties and their responses to changes in groundwater tables to predict community responses. We then incorporated key concepts from these models into EDYS, a comprehensive ecosystem model, to highlight the potential complexity of predicting community change under different fluctuating groundwater scenarios. Such models provide a valuable tool for managing vegetation and groundwater use in areas where groundwater is important to both plants and humans, particularly in the context of climate change. 相似文献
83.
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85.
Bugueño-Carrasco Sebastián Monteil Hélène Toledo-Neira Carla Sandoval Miguel Ángel Thiam Abdoulaye Salazar Ricardo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23753-23766
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the simultaneous degradation of antibiotics (ampicillin, sulfamethazine, and tetracycline; and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories... 相似文献
86.
Martins Amanda Weege S. Silveira Tony L. R. Remião Mariana H. Domingues William Borges Dellagostin Eduardo N. Junior Antônio Sergio Varela Corcini Carine D. Costa Patrícia G. Bianchini Adalto Somoza Gustavo M. Robaldo Ricardo B. Campos Vinicius Farias 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(46):65127-65139
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Roundup Transorb® (RDT) is a glyphosate-based herbicide commonly used in agricultural practices worldwide. This herbicide exerts negative effects... 相似文献
87.
Tony Svejcar Chad Boyd Kirk Davies Matthew Madsen Jon Bates Roger Sheley Clayton Marlow David Bohnert Mike Borman Ricardo Mata-Gonzàlez John Buckhouse Tamzen Stringham Barry Perryman Sherman Swanson Kenneth Tate Mel George George Ruyle Bruce Roundy Chris Call Kevin Jensen Karen Launchbaugh Amanda Gearhart Lance Vermeire John Tanaka Justin Derner Gary Frasier Kris Havstad 《Environmental management》2014,53(6):1035-1038
In a previous article, Beschta et al. (Environ Manag 51(2):474–491, 2013) argue that grazing by large ungulates (both native and domestic) should be eliminated or greatly reduced on western public lands to reduce potential climate change impacts. The authors did not present a balanced synthesis of the scientific literature, and their publication is more of an opinion article. Their conclusions do not reflect the complexities associated with herbivore grazing. Because grazing is a complex ecological process, synthesis of the scientific literature can be a challenge. Legacy effects of uncontrolled grazing during the homestead era further complicate analysis of current grazing impacts. Interactions of climate change and grazing will depend on the specific situation. For example, increasing atmospheric CO2 and temperatures may increase accumulation of fine fuels (primarily grasses) and thus increase wildfire risk. Prescribed grazing by livestock is one of the few management tools available for reducing fine fuel accumulation. While there are certainly points on the landscape where herbivore impacts can be identified, there are also vast grazed areas where impacts are minimal. Broad scale reduction of domestic and wild herbivores to help native plant communities cope with climate change will be unnecessary because over the past 20–50 years land managers have actively sought to bring populations of native and domestic herbivores in balance with the potential of vegetation and soils. To cope with a changing climate, land managers will need access to all available vegetation management tools, including grazing. 相似文献
88.
Patricia N. Pochelon Henrique Queiroga Guiomar Rotllant Antonina dos Santos Ricardo Calado 《Marine Biology》2011,158(9):2079-2085
In Portuguese waters, Nephrops norvegicus larvae hatch at 400–800 m depth and need to perform a vertical migration to food-rich shallower waters to find suitable prey.
The effect of suboptimal feeding on digestive enzymes activity of N. norvegicus larvae during this early period of their larval life remains unknown. Protease and amylase activities were investigated ex situ using flurometry in laboratory-hatched larvae exposed to different feeding and/or starving scenarios in the 24 h following
hatching, the period during which they typically accomplish their upward vertical migration. Amylase activity was very low
in comparison with protease activity, indicating that carbohydrates are not a primary energy reserve. Larvae starved for 12 h
and subsequently fed displayed no increase in amylase activity, which suggests that feeding may be required before 12 h post-hatch
to trigger amylase activity. Protease activity was high under all feeding conditions, and the increase in protease activity
under sustained starvation indicated the catabolism of protein reserves. The ability of first-stage N. norvegicus larvae to metabolize protein reserves may play a decisive role for their survival during their first vertical migration,
as it enables them to overcome the deleterious effects of short-term starvation and/or suboptimal feeding. 相似文献
89.
Daniel RodríguezJosé Ricardo Cure José Miguel CotesAndrew Paul Gutierrez Fernando Cantor 《Ecological modelling》2011,222(19):3626-3639
This paper is the first of three on the coffee production system consisting of (1) the coffee plant, (2) coffee berry borer (CBB) and (3) the role of CBB parasitoids. A previous simulation model of the coffee plant was developed using data from Brazil where coffee phenology is characterized by distinct seasonal flowering (Gutierrez et al., 1998). In contrast, flowering in Colombia is continuous with low seasonality. To capture the differences in coffee phenology and growth in the two climatic regions, the Gutierrez et al. (1998) model was modified using new data from Colombia.The modifications to the model include:
- (1)
- The effect of solar radiation on floral buds initiation;
- (2)
- An age structure population model to track the daily input and development of the floral buds;
- (3)
- The effect of leaf water potential on breaking dormancy in flower buds, and hence on the timing and intensity of flowering;
- (4)
- The incorporation of both the vegetative and the reproductive demands to predict the photosynthetic rate.
- (5)
- The effect of low temperature on photosynthesis and defoliation.
90.
da Silveira RP Rodrigues AP Santelli RE Cordeiro RC Bidone ED 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,181(1-4):165-173
This study addressed the identification and monitoring of pollution sources of terrestrial origin in rivers (domestic sewage and industrial effluents) and critical fluvial segments in highly polluted environments under tidal influence (mixing marine and continental sources) from Guanabara Bay Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mass balance of contaminants was determined in conditions of continuous flow (low tide) during dry season (lower dilution capability). The results allowed the evaluation of the potential of contaminant mass generation by the different river segments and the estimation of their natural and anthropogenic components. The water quality of Igua?ú and Sarapuí Rivers were evaluated for metals and biochemical oxygen demand. The method gave an excellent response, including the possibility of sources identification and contaminated river segments ranking. The approach also offers fast execution and data interpretation, being highly efficient. 相似文献