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801.
B. Ravindran S. M. Contreras-Ramos J. W. C. Wong A. Selvam G. Sekaran 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):641-651
Animal fleshing (ANFL) is the predominant proteinaceous solid waste generated during processing of leather and it is confronting disposal problems. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of epigeic earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae to utilize and transform the fermented ANFL in the solid state (SSF) and submerged state (SmF) into a value added product along a low residence period (25 days). A total of six treatment units containing different waste mixture compositions were established. Fifty healthy and non-clitellated earthworms were introduced in three different treatment containers: control, SSF, and SmF (+worm). Another set of treatment mixtures (control, SSF, SmF) was established without earthworms (?worm) to compare the results. The products were characterized for physico-chemical, enzymatic analysis and seedling growth parameters to compare the differences in the process with and without earthworms. The changes observed in the analytical parameters were in the following order: SSF > SmF > control mixtures (p?<?0.05). The vermicompost showed a significant reduction in heavy metals, total organic carbon and an increase in total Kjeldhal nitrogen as compared to the product untreated by earthworms. The maximum enzymatic activities were observed after 21 days of vermicomposting. The relative seed germination of vermicompost extracts were in the order of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) > green gram (Vigna radiata) > cucumber (Cucumis sativus) > bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) and showed no phytotoxicity effects. The results indicated that the combination of both ANFL hydrolysis through fermentation and vermicomposting is a good alternative to the management of this kind of waste. 相似文献
802.
M. St. J. Warne G. E. Batley O. Braga J. C. Chapman D. R. Fox C. W. Hickey J. L. Stauber R. Van Dam 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):51-60
The Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality are a key document in the Australian National Water Quality Management Strategy. These guidelines released in 2000 are currently being reviewed and updated. The revision is being co-ordinated by the Australian Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, while technical matters are dealt with by a series of Working Groups. The revision will be evolutionary in nature reflecting the latest scientific developments and a range of stakeholder desires. Key changes will be: increasing the types and sources of data that can be used; working collaboratively with industry to permit the use of commercial-in-confidence data; increasing the minimum data requirements; including a measure of the uncertainty of the trigger value; improving the software used to calculate trigger values; increasing the rigour of site-specific trigger values; improving the method for assessing the reliability of the trigger values; and providing guidance of measures of toxicity and toxicological endpoints that may, in the near future, be appropriate for trigger value derivation. These changes will markedly improve the number and quality of the trigger values that can be derived and will increase end-users’ ability to understand and implement the guidelines in a scientifically rigorous manner. 相似文献
803.
804.
P. M. S. Jayathilaka Peeyush Soni Sylvain R. Perret H. P. W. Jayasuriya Vilas M. Salokhe 《Regional Environmental Change》2012,12(1):55-68
Climate change is the main global challenge of this century; it is therefore imperative to identify its effects on agriculture
in developing countries. This research makes spatial assessment of climate change effect on major plantation crops in Sri
Lanka, with emphasis on crop suitability of tea, rubber, and coconut. Geo-referenced maps of spatial and temporal changes
in crop suitability and production potentials are generated and compared. Data pertaining to six agro-ecological zones under
the study area are analyzed for a period of 1980–2007. Crop suitability maps are generated amalgamating yield maps and climatic
factors maps using AHP in multi-criteria analysis under two time frames of 1980–1992 and 1993–2007. Percent change in crop
suitability and crop yield classes is calculated based on five crop suitability and five crop yield classes during two time
frames. Dynamics of climatic parameters and crop yield are recognized using geo-referenced maps. The suitability maps of the
two time frames are compared to identify the changes with each crop in conjunction with changes in the prevailing climate
and yield. Geographic shift of suitability, yield, and climate classes are examined. Net gain or loss in crop production is
quantified. Long-term annual rainfall significantly decreased in mid-country wet zone, whereas the mean temperature of the
study area increased by 1.4°C. Results clearly showed that the climate and yield can be meaningfully related to the crop suitability
and management. 相似文献
805.
Richard Grossman 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2012,14(6):973-977
Human population growth challenges efforts toward sustainability. People who are concerned about the environment, development, and sustainability are in a position to stress the importance of human population and to encourage people to choose small family size (Grossman, in Conserv Biol, 24(6), pp 1435–1436, 2010). Nevertheless, this vital subject has been treated infrequently in this journal. Of more than 500 articles published since its inception, only 15 have touched on human population, few have had population as a primary subject and only three have suggested that readers of this journal can and should have influence over population growth. This article concludes by suggesting ways that we who are concerned about sustainability should promote education about family planning and the advantages of small family size. 相似文献
806.
Kishor Atreya Fred H?kon Johnsen Bishal Kumar Sitaula 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2012,14(4):477-493
There is a growing concern of pesticide risks to human health, natural environment and ecosystems. Many previous economic valuations have accounted health aspects or environmental components, but rarely combined; thus, overall risk assessment is partially distorted. The study, conducted close to the capital of Nepal, addressed the health effects of pesticides on small-scale farmers and evaluated the monetary risks of pesticide use on human health and environmental resources. We also aim to establish the relationships among valuation methods. The paper adopts cost of illness, defensive expenditure and contingent valuation willingness to pay approach. The study concluded that the methods used for valuing pesticide risks to human and environmental health are theoretically consistent. The exposed individuals are likely to bear significant economic costs of exposures depending on geographical location, pesticide use magnitudes and frequency. Individuals are willing to pay between 53 and 79% more than the existing pesticide price to protect their health and environment. The integrated pest management training is less likely to reduce health costs of pesticide exposure, although it leads to higher investment in safety measures. 相似文献
807.
In industrialized countries, the idea of degrowth has emerged as a response to environmental, social, and economic crises.
Realizing environmental limits to and failures of more than half a century of continual economic growth in terms of social
progress and environmental sustainability, the degrowth paradigm calls for a downscaling of consumption and production for
social equity and ecological sustainability. The call for economic degrowth is generally considered to be delimited to rich
countries, where reduced consumption can save “ecological space” enabling people in poor countries to enjoy the benefits of
economic growth. China, as one of the economically most expanding countries in the world, has dramatically improved its living
standards, particularly along the Eastern coast, over the latest 30 years. However, China is absent from the international
debates on growth. This article discusses the implications of the Western degrowth debates for China. Given the distinctive
features of China’s development, the paper aims to enrich the degrowth debates, which have hitherto been dominated by Western
perspectives. Based upon reflections on social, environmental, and moral dimensions of economic growth, the paper argues that
limited natural resources may not continuously support universal affluence at the current level of the rich countries, a level
that China is likely to reach within a few decades. Priority for growth in China should therefore be given to the poor regions
of the country, and future growth should be beneficial to social and environmental development. 相似文献
808.
To restore food security to a traditional African cropping system following a sudden loss of seed, genetic diversity must be re-established. This study examines the extent to which Cowpea diversity was reinstated two years after a flood disaster in Gaza Province, Mozambique. The contribution that seed from various sources made to the recovery was assessed using semi-structured interviews and morphological and molecular data. Data suggest that diversity had recovered to some extent yet there was evidence of a narrowing of the genetic base, with fewer rare alleles and differences in the distribution of allele frequencies. Although the main channels for accessing seed after the flood were seed relief and markets, these sources contributed to minimal and different diversity. It appears that diversity was regained primarily through social networking in the form of loans or gifts of seed from friends and relatives. The results of the study are discussed in relation to seed relief approaches. 相似文献
809.
W. Strauss 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):424-426
A new surface condenser and carbon adsorber has been developed which provides arc economic solution to the problem of odours from dry rendering plants. 相似文献
810.
W. L. Faith 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):459-460
Commercial cattle-feeding is a large industry in the United States. In California, for instance, there are more than 500 commercial feedlots. Each of these lots handles from less than 500 to more than 50,000 head of cattle at one time. With the urban and suburban explosion, feedlots that were at one time many miles from residential centers are now “just across the street.” Naturally the high odor level from improperly operated yards gives rise to considerable complaint and citizen indignation. A variety of methods to reduce odor to an acceptable level have been tried with varying results. A highly satisfactory procedure is based on “good housekeeping” practices, frequent removal of fecal material, and abatement of residual odor by spraying the lots at designated intervals with a solution of potassium permanganate. Details of the method are discussed. 相似文献