Numerical Model Inter-comparison for Wind Flow and Turbulence Around Single-Block Buildings

Wind flow and turbulence within the urban canopy layer can influence the heating and ventilation of buildings, affecting the health and comfort of pedestrians, commuters and building occupants. In addition, the predictive capability of pollutant dispersion models is heavily dependent on wind flow models. For that reason, well-validated microscale models are needed for the simulation of wind fields within built-up urban microenvironments. To address this need, an inter-comparison study of several such models was carried out within the European research network ATREUS. This work was conducted as part of an evaluation study for microscale numerical models, so they could be further implemented to provide reliable wind fields for building energy simulation and pollutant dispersion codes. Four computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models (CHENSI, MIMO, VADIS and FLUENT) were applied to reduced-scale single-block buildings, for which quality-assured and fully documented experimental data were obtained. Simulated wind and turbulence fields around two surface-mounted cubes of different dimensions and wall roughness were compared against experimental data produced in the wind tunnels of the Meteorological Institute of Hamburg University under different inflow and boundary conditions. The models reproduced reasonably well the general flow patterns around the single-block buildings, although over-predictions of the turbulent kinetic energy were observed near stagnation points in the upwind impingement region. Certain discrepancies between the CFD models were also identified and interpreted. Finally, some general recommendations for CFD model evaluation and use in environmental applications are presented.     

基于MODIS植被指数的浑善达克沙地植被物候变化

基于近20a MODIS的2种植被指数数据,利用Logistic曲线曲率极值法和动态阈值法,对浑善达克沙地植被物候进行了提取,分析其时空变化,并利用研究结果数据,分析植被物候对高程和气象因子的响应.结果表明,2000~2019年间研究区的植被物候呈微弱波动趋势,浑善达克沙地植被返青期（SOS）主要集中在110~140d,枯黄期（EOS）主要集中在250~280d,整体呈微弱推迟趋向（0.28d/a）,生长季长度（LOS）主要集中在120~170d,整体呈微弱延长趋向（0.23d/a）.在空间分布上,占研究区51.51%的区域植被SOS呈提前趋势;占研究区67.02%的区域植被EOS呈提前趋势,并且占研究区32.98%的区域植被EOS呈推迟趋势.占研究区62.71%的区域植被LOS呈延长趋势.在海拔900~1500m区间,随着海拔升高,SOS显著推迟,EOS不显著提前,LOS显著缩短.前一年11、12月和当年1、2、4月降水量对SOS有提前作用.6、7、8、9月份气温和降水都对EOS推迟有明显的作用.总的来说,浑善达克沙地植被物候与气候因子的相应规律比较复杂,表现出季节性的差别及地形的差异性.     

Distribution of total and methylmercury in different ecosystem compartments in the Everglades: implications for mercury bioaccumulation

We analyzed Hg species distribution patterns among ecosystem compartments in the Everglades at the landscape level in order to explore the implications of Hg distribution for Hg bioaccumulation and to investigate major biogeochemical processes that are pertinent to the observed Hg distribution patterns. At an Everglade-wide scale, THg concentrations were significantly increased in the following order: periphyton相似文献   

Sustainable economic development and environmental auditing: a local authority perspective

This paper appraises the concept of environmental auditing in respect of the principles of sustainable economic development, and the options available to local authorities for positive action. Humberside County Council's various environmental initiatives are reviewed as a case study. Particular attention is given to progress with implementation, and the integration of economic development and environmental issues.     

Incineration treatment of arsenic-contaminated soil

An incineration test program was conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Incineration Research Facility to evaluate the potential of incineration as a treatment option for contaminated soils at the Baird and McGuire Superfund site in Holbrook, Massachusetts. The purpose of these tests was to evaluate the incinerability of these soils in terms of the fate of arsenic and lead and the destruction of organic contaminants during the incineration process. The test program consisted of a series of bench-scale experiments with a muffle furnace and a series of incineration tests in a pilot-scale rotary kiln incinerator system. The study reported in this paper was funded by the Environmental Protection Agency under Contract 68–C9–0038 to Acurex Corporation. It has been subjected to the Agency's review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.     

智能化无人实验室分析结果与手工监测结果比对研究

为了系统研究智能化无人实验室分析结果的准确性与可靠性,尤其是与手工监测数据间的差异情况,选取深圳市75个城市小型河流点位,对总氮、总磷、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数4个指标开展了智能化无人实验室分析与手工监测的比对试验研究。结果表明,采用智能化无人实验室分析方法测得的氨氮、总磷及总氮的工作曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999,且工作曲线截距及斜率、方法检出限与手工监测结果差异甚小。对4个指标的低、中、高浓度样品及有证标准物质的多次测定结果显示,各参数的智能化无人实验室分析结果的相对标准偏差均小于5%,正确度的绝对值不高于2%,且与手工法测量结果的偏差较小。采用智能化无人实验室分析方法及手工法同步对城市小型河流的4个指标进行监测,通过散点图及线性拟合的统计方法对数据进行研究发现,二者监测结果的相对偏差小且关联程度超过0.95,呈正向的强线性关系,表明两种测定方式的监测结果具有强一致性。因此,智能化无人实验室分析方法的分析结果与手工监测结果具有较高的一致性,其可作为手工监测的有效替代或补充,为推动我国环境监测技术的现代化发展以及环境管理策略的精细化实施提供技术支撑。