全文获取类型
收费全文 | 134篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 5篇 |
废物处理 | 1篇 |
环保管理 | 28篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
基础理论 | 48篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 42篇 |
评价与监测 | 6篇 |
社会与环境 | 1篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 32篇 |
2012年 | 2篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 2篇 |
2007年 | 4篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有140条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Recent growth in the distribution and abundance of cougars (Puma concolor) throughout western North America has created opportunities, challenges, and problems for wildlife managers and raises questions
about what factors affect cougar populations. We present an analysis of factors thought to affect cougar distribution and
abundance across the broad geographical scales on which most population management decisions are made. Our objectives were
to: (1) identify and evaluate landscape parameters that can be used to predict the capability of habitats to support cougars,
and (2) evaluate factors that may account for the recent expansion in cougar numbers. Habitat values based on terrain ruggedness
and forested cover explained 73% of the variation in a cougar abundance index. Indices of cougar abundance also were spatially
and temporally correlated with ungulate abundance. An increase in the number and total biomass of ungulate prey species is
hypothesized to account for recent increases in cougars. Cougar populations in Montana are coping with land development by
humans when other components of habitat and prey populations are sufficient. Our analysis provides a better understanding
of what may have influenced recent growth in cougar distribution and abundance in Montana and, when combined with insights
about stakeholder acceptance capacity, offers a basis for cougar management at broad scales. Long-term conservation of cougars
necessitates a better understanding of ecosystem functions that affect prey distribution and abundance, more accurate estimates
of cougar populations, and management abilities to integrate these components with human values. 相似文献
42.
A divergence of values has become apparent in recent debates between conservationists who focus on ecosystem services that can improve human well‐being and those who focus on avoiding the extinction of species. These divergent points of view fall along a continuum from anthropocentric to biocentric values, but most conservationists are relatively closer to each other than to the ends of the spectrum. We have some concerns with both positions but emphasize that conservation for both people and all other species will be most effective if conservationists focus on articulating the values they all share, being respectful of divergent values, and collaborating on common interests. The conservation arena is large enough to accommodate many people and organizations whose diverse values lead them to different niches that can, with good will and foresight, be far more complementary than competitive. Los Nichos Complementarios de los Conservacionistas Antropocéntricos y Biocéntricos 相似文献
43.
R. W. Hill A. Leon Huber E. K. Israelsen J. P. Riley 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(5):909-921
ABSTRACT. As demands upon available water supplies increase, there is an accompanying increase in the need to assess the downstream consequences resulting from changes at specific locations within a hydrologic system. The problem is approached in this study by hybrid computer simulation of the hydrologic system. Modeling concepts are based upon the development of basic relationships which describe the various hydrologic processes. Within a system these relationships are linked by the continuity-of-mass principle. Spatial resolution is achieved by considering the modeled areas as a series of subbasins. The time increment adopted for the model is one month, so that time varying quantities are expressed in terms of mean monthly values. The model is general in nature and is applied to a particular hydrologic system through a programmed verification procedure whereby model coefficients are evaluated for the particular system. In this study the model is applied to the Bear River basin of western Wyoming, southern Idaho, and northern Utah. Comparisons between observed and computed outflow hydrographs show good agreement. The utility of the model is demonstrated by predicting the effects of various possible water resource management alternatives. The verified hybrid computer program can be digitized for application to the digital computer. 相似文献
44.
JAMES L. WESCOAT JR 《Natural resources forum》1986,10(3):239-254
This paper examines the ‘range of choice’ concept in water management. Although many efforts have been made to design policies that broaden the consideration of water resources alternatives, the experiences gained from these policy experiments have not been adequately assessed. What insights might American policy approaches offer for developing countries? To address this question, four general policy types were identified and compared: (1) comprehensive single-objective policies; (2) comprehensive multiple-objective policies; (3) specific non-structural policies; and (4) specific technological policies. Case studies of each approach revealed that effective institutional development occurs when policies are: (1) stated in clear and specific language; (2) modified as experience is gained; (3) adequate in terms of statutory and administrative authority; and (4) subject to an orderly process of public and judicial review. The most successful policy efforts to date have involved specific alternatives, while multiple-objective policies have encountered the most difficulties. Common institutional problems are identified, and their potential relevance for developing countries is discussed. 相似文献
45.
There is a strong political divide on climate change in the US general public, with Liberals and Democrats expressing greater belief in and concern about climate change than Conservatives and Republicans. Recent studies find a similar though less pronounced divide in other countries. Its leadership in international climate policy making warrants extending this line of research to the European Union (EU). The extent of a left–right ideological divide on climate change views is examined via Eurobarometer survey data on the publics of 25 EU countries before the 2008 global financial crisis, the 2009 ‘climategate’ controversy and COP-15 in Copenhagen, and an increase in organized climate change denial campaigns. Citizens on the left consistently reported stronger belief in climate change and support for action to mitigate it than did citizens on the right in 14 Western European countries. There was no such ideological divide in 11 former Communist countries, likely due to the low political salience of climate change and the differing meaning of left–right identification in these countries. 相似文献
46.
47.
48.
R.L. Riley 《Environment international》1982,8(1-6)
Airborne infection from person to person is an indoor phenomenon. The infectious organisms are atomized by coughing, sneezing, singing, and even talking. The smallest droplets evaporate to droplet nuclei and disperse rapidly and randomly throughout the air of enclosed spaces. Droplet nuclei have negligible settling velocity and travel wherever the air goes. Outdoors, dilution is so rapid that the chance of inhaling an infectious droplet nucleus is minimal. Measles and other childhood contagions, the common respiratory virus infections, pulmonary tuberculosis, and Legionnaires' Disease are typically air-borne indoors. In analyzing a measles outbreak, the probability that a susceptible person would breathe a randomly distributed quantum of airborne infection during one generation of an outbreak was expressed mathematically. Estimates of the rate of production of infectious droplet nuclei ranged between 93 and 8 per min, and the concentration in the air produced by the index case was about 1 quantum per 5 m3 of air. Infectious airborne particles are thus few and far between. Control of indoor airborne infection can be approached through immunization, therapeutic medication, and air disinfection with ultraviolet radiation. 相似文献
49.
Linking Theory and Practice for Restoration of Step-Pool Streams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chin A Anderson S Collison A Ellis-Sugai BJ Haltiner JP Hogervorst JB Kondolf GM O'Hirok LS Purcell AH Riley AL Wohl E 《Environmental management》2009,43(4):645-661
Step-pools sequences are increasingly used to restore stream channels. This increase corresponds to significant advances in
theory for step-pools in recent years. The need for step-pools in stream restoration arises as urban development encroaches
into steep terrain in response to population pressures, as stream channels in lower-gradient areas require stabilization due
to hydrological alterations associated with land-use changes, and as step-pools are recognized for their potential to enhance
stream habitats. Despite an increasingly voluminous literature and great demand for restoration using step-pool sequences,
however, the link between theory and practice is limited. In this article, we present four unique cases of stream restoration
using step-pools, including the evolution of the approaches, the project designs, and adjustments in the system following
restoration. Baxter Creek in El Cerrito, California demonstrates an early application of artificial step-pools in which natural
adjustments occurred toward geomorphic stability and ecological improvement. Restoration of East Alamo Creek in a large residential
development near San Ramon, California illustrates an example of step-pools increasingly used in locations where such a channel
form would not naturally occur. Construction of a step-pool channel in Karnowsky Creek within the Siuslaw National Forest,
Oregon overcame constraints posed by access and the type and availability of materials; the placement of logs allowed natural
scouring below steps. Dry Canyon Creek on the property of the Mountains Restoration Trust in Calabasas, California afforded
a somewhat experimental approach to designing step-pools, allowing observation and learning in the future. These cases demonstrate
how theories and relationships developed for step-pool sequences over the past two decades have been applied in real-world
settings. The lessons from these examples enable us to develop considerations useful for deriving an appropriate course of
design, approval, and construction of artificial step-pool systems. They also raise additional fundamental questions concerning
appropriate strategies for restoration of step-pool streams. Outstanding challenges are highlighted as opportunities for continuing
theoretical work. 相似文献
50.
Andrew H. Rose JR. Robert L. Stenburg Morton Corn Ronald R. Horsley Daniel R. Allen Paul W. Kolp 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):297-309
A survey of academic programs in air pollution control was made. Results from the 127 schools reporting are tabulated by state. Faculty involved in air pollution instruction are identified. Some conclusions and recommendations are presented. 相似文献