山西省大同市煤气化总公司职业健康安全基准评估

随着国家安全生产工作力度的不断加强,加强职业健康安全管理成为许多国有企业的一项重要任务。对此,大同市煤气化总公司结合企业清洁生产实践．建立职业健康安全咨询委员会。在该委员会协助下．通过文件分析、现场观察、与职工交流和对比分析,在全公司范围内识别出26项职业健康安全问题,并对其中主要问题实施简要评估,以此作为该公司建立职业健康安全管理体系和改进职业健康安全管理水平的基准。     

Effect of spark duration on explosion parameters of methane/air mixtures in closed vessels

The paper outlines an experimental study on influence of the spark duration and the vessel volume on explosion parameters of premixed methane–air mixtures in the closed explosion vessels. The main findings from these experiments are: For the weaker ignition the spark durations in the range from 6.5 μs to 40.6 μs had little impact on explosion parameters for premixed methane–air mixtures in the 5 L vessel or 20 L vessel; For the same ignitions and volume fractions of methane in air the explosion pressures and the flame temperatures in both vessels of 5 L and 20 L were approximately the same, but the rates of pressure rises in both vessels of 5 L and 20 L were different; The explosion indexes obtained from the measured pressure time histories for both vessels of 5 L and 20 L were approximately equal; For the weaker ignition with the fixed spark duration 45 μs the ignition energies in the range from 54 mJ to 430 mJ had little impact on the explosion parameters; For the same ignition and the volume fractions of methane in air, the vessel volumes had a significant impact on the flame temperatures near the vessel wall; The flame temperatures near the vessel wall decreased as the vessel volumes increased.     

Learning from incidents – A method for assessing the effectiveness of the learning cycle

This paper describes a method for assessing the effectiveness in the steps of the learning cycle: the 1st loop with reporting – analysis – decision – implementation – follow-up, and the 2nd loop on an aggregated basis. For each step, the dimensions considered the most relevant for the learning process (scope, quality, timing and information distribution) and for each dimension the most relevant aspects (e.g. completeness and detail) were defined. A method for a semi-quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the learning cycle was developed using these dimensions and aspects and scales for rating. The method will give clear indications of areas for improvement when applied. The results of the method can also be used for correlation with other safety parameters, e.g. results from safety audits and safety climate inquiries. The method is intended to be used on a sample of the broad range of incidents normally seen in process industry companies. The method was tested on a two-year incident reporting material from six companies from various types of process industries. It was found that the method and the tools worked very well in practice. The results gave interesting insights into the effectiveness of learning from the incidents.     

液压支架薄煤层采煤工作面风流流动规律研究

分别对北宿煤矿以装备液压支架和单体支柱为主的14710和1667薄煤层采煤工作面风流场进行了现场测定研究,结果显示,装备液压支架后,工作面的风流流动规律发生了较大变化,百米风阻值及向采空区的漏风率均大幅度提高。     

降雨对尾矿库渗流场的动态影响

尾矿库能否安全运行的影响因素之一就是渗流问题。而降雨又是影响尾矿库渗流场的一个重要因素。运用ANSYS有限元软件的热力学模块建模,计算了3种干滩长度、3种降雨量及7种雨型,共计63种组合工况。分析计算发现,降雨时干滩长度越长,尾矿库出口节点渗透压上升越高。由此可知降雨时,如果尾矿库干滩面未做防渗排水防护措施,那么干滩长度越长对坝体的稳定越不利。建议尾矿库工程设计过程中考虑在干滩面设置防渗排水设施。     

从理念到行动:透视杜邦的安全管理哲学

本文借鉴杜邦公司安全管理的理念与经验,提出了在企业安全管理上,能否实现"有感领导"是决定企业安全管理水平的关键,并从领导者承诺、安全工作优先级、安全管理体制机制、安全人员配备等7个方面具体阐释了企业安全管理如何做到"有感领导"。     

庇山矿通风系统优化改造

庇山矿主要通风机已处于极限位置运行,风机能力将逐渐不能满足矿井生产要求,通风系统也不尽合理,亟需对当前系统进行改造.通过对矿井通风系统改造提出的备选方案进行解网分析和经济技术比较后,确定了最优方案,并提出了通风系统调整措施.     

地铁工程安全设计(DFS)知识库构建

针对目前地铁施工和运行过程中安全事故频发的现象,运用安全设计(DFS)概念,提出在地铁设计中应考虑施工和运行安全,构建DFS知识库,以提高设计人员的DFS能力。分析DFS知识库应具备的功能,提出通过知识的搜集、分析、存储和查询4大模块来实现相应的功能;依据模块的功能,详细设计DFS知识库的逻辑结构、系统结构和存储结构;4大模块与DFS不同的结构相结合,构成地铁工程DFS知识库系统。以乘客坠落站台事故为例,进行实证分析。研究结果表明,该案例的逻辑层次为"车站工程子知识库-车站站台子库-客运类事故";合理有效的知识库可根据标准化案例描述识别出危险源,并可运用知识管理的相关方法自动提取针对危险源的设计规范及设计建议。     

矿用聚氨酯注浆材料阻燃及加固性能研究

为获得压缩强度和阻燃性能兼顾的聚氨酯注浆材料,通过L9(34)正交试验,研究Mg(OH)2含量、甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)含量、异氰酸酯指数、辛酸亚锡含量对聚氨酯注浆材料的阻燃性能及压缩性能的影响。获得这种聚氨酯注浆材料的最佳制备条件。对比分析最佳制备条件试样及不加阻燃剂试样的热稳定性。结果表明:DMMP含量和Mg(OH)2含量对平均燃烧时间影响显著;Mg(OH)2还有补强加固作用,对压缩强度影响最为显著,其次为异氰酸酯指数。在Mg(OH)2,DMMP,辛酸亚锡质量分数分别为16%,24%和0.4%,异氰酸酯指数为1.10时,聚氨酯注浆材料兼顾阻燃性能和压缩性能,平均燃烧时间为13.9 s,压缩强度为19 MPa,其热稳定性明显优于不添加阻燃剂样品。     

纵向风对隧道火灾拱顶最高温度及其位置的影响

研究了燃烧风洞内不同纵向风速、不同火源功率条件下,隧道近火源区顶部温度沿纵向分布情况。结果表明,纵向风对不同尺寸火源条件下的顶部温度的影响呈不同特征。对较小尺寸火源,隧道顶部温升随风速增加而减小至稳定值;而对较大尺寸火源,顶部温升随风速增加先增加后减小。对于矩形火源,当纵向风较小(0.5~1.5m/s)时,长边平行于纵向风时顶部最高温升大于长边垂直于纵向风的情况;而当纵向风较大(≥2 m/s)时,两种油盘放置方式的顶部最高温升一致。纵向风作用下,顶部最高温升位置向下游呈现"两次移动"特征,即随着纵向风速增加该位置先向下游移动,当风速达到某一值时,隧道拱顶的加热机制由对流和辐射共同主控转变为辐射单独主控,最高温升位置突变回到上游后再次逐渐向下游移动。