全文获取类型
收费全文 | 604篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 18篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 26篇 |
废物处理 | 22篇 |
环保管理 | 150篇 |
综合类 | 60篇 |
基础理论 | 147篇 |
污染及防治 | 163篇 |
评价与监测 | 39篇 |
社会与环境 | 19篇 |
灾害及防治 | 4篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 81篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 14篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 24篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有630条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
121.
122.
Andrew O. Finley Sudipto Banerjee Ronald E. McRoberts 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2008,15(2):241-258
In efforts such as land use change monitoring, carbon budgeting, and forecasting ecological conditions and timber supply,
there is increasing demand for regional and national data layers depicting forest cover. These data layers must permit small
area estimates of forest area and, most importantly, provide associated error estimates. This paper presents a model-based
approach for coupling mid-resolution satellite imagery with plot-based forest inventory data to produce estimates of probability
of forest and associated error at the pixel-level. The proposed Bayesian hierarchical model provides access to each pixel’s
posterior predictive distribution allowing for a highly flexible analysis of pixel and multi-pixel areas of interest. The
paper presents a trial using multiple dates of Landsat imagery and USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis plot
data. The results describe the spatial dependence structure within the trial site, provide pixel and multi-pixel summaries
of probability of forest land use, and explore discretization schemes of the posterior predictive distributions to forest
and non-forest classes. Model prediction results of a holdout set analysis suggest the proposed model provides high classification
accuracy, 88%, for the trial site.
相似文献
Ronald E. McRobertsEmail: |
123.
Scale-dependent variation in coral community similarity across sites, islands, and island groups 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Community similarity is the proportion of species richness in a region that is shared on average among communities within that region. The slope of local richness (alpha diversity) regressed on regional richness (gamma diversity) can serve as an index of community similarity across regions with different regional richness. We examined community similarity in corals at three spatial scales (among transects at a site, sites on an island, and islands within an island group) across a 10 000-km longitudinal diversity gradient in the west-central Pacific Ocean. When alpha diversity was regressed on gamma diversity, the slopes, and thus community similarity, increased with scale (0.085, 0.261, and 0.407, respectively) because a greater proportion of gamma diversity was subsumed within alpha diversity as scale increased. Using standard randomization methods, we also examined how community similarity differed between observed and randomized assemblages and how this difference was affected by spatial separation of species within habitat types and specialization of species to three habitat types (reef flats, crests, and slopes). If spatial separation within habitat types and/or habitat specialization (i.e., underdispersion) occurs, fewer species are shared among assemblages than the random expectation. When the locations of individual coral colonies were randomized within and among habitat types, community similarity was 46-47% higher than that for observed assemblages at all three scales. We predicted that spatial separation of coral species within habitat types should increase with scale due to dispersal/extinction dynamics in this insular system, but that specialization of species to different habitat types should not change because habitat differences do not change with scale. However, neither habitat specialization nor spatial separation within habitat types differed among scales. At the two larger scales, each accounted for 22-24% of the difference in community similarity between observed and randomized assemblages. At the smallest scale (transect-site), neither spatial separation within habitat types nor habitat specialization had significant effects on community similarity, probably due to the small size of transect samples. The results suggest that coral species can disperse among islands in an island group as easily as they can among sites on an island over time scales that are relevant to their establishment and persistence on reefs. 相似文献
124.
Ronald Fuge 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1988,10(2):51-61
Of the halogens, fluorine has the highest crustal abundance (544 mg/kg) while iodine has the lowest (0.25 mg/kg), however, chlorine is by far the most abundant halogen in the cosmos. The geochemistries of the four naturally occurring halogens have some similarities with fluorine, chlorine and bromine being classified as lithophile elements while iodine is more chalcophile in nature. Bromine and iodine behave in a similar fashion in the secondary environment and could be classified as biophile elements being concentrated in organic matter. Chlorine, bromine and iodine are strongly enriched in the sea while iodine and to a lesser extent bromine are further concentrated in the marine algae.Apart from the occurrence of fluorine in fluorite (CaF2) there are few commonly occurring minerals which contain the halogens as essential constituents. In the igneous environment fluorine and chlorine tend to occupy hydroxyl lattice sites in micas, amphiboles, apatites etc., while in sediments clays can contain appreciable quantities of these elements. Bromine and iodine, however, would be unlikely to fit into the lattice sites of common rock-forming minerals.Bromine, like iodine, is probably volatilised from the marine environment and is carried on to land surfaces. This behaviour of iodine and bromine is reflected in the increased I/CI and Br/CI ratios of surface run-off in continental compared with near coastal environments.Limited information on the soil geochemistry of the halogens suggests that the soil contents of chlorine, bromine and iodine are influenced by proximity to the sea. Soil fluorine, however, is generally dependent on its content in the parent material. In some areas pollutant sources of the halogens contribute appreciably to their concentration in the environment.Iodine and chlorine are essential elements for mammals and fluorine has been shown to have beneficial effects on bone and tooth formation. However, excess quantities of dietary fluorine can be harmful. It is possible, in view of its ubiquitous occurrence in the biosphere, that bromine has a hitherto unknown function in human and animal health. 相似文献
125.
126.
Predator-prey interactions are usually regarded as evolutionary “arms races”, but evidence is still scarce. We examined whether the anti-predation strategies of red colobus monkeys (Procolobus badius) are adapted to the hunting strategies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Taï chimpanzees search for red colobus groups, approach them silently and hunt co-operatively. Our playback experiments and observations of natural encounters revealed that red colobus hid higher up the trees in positions where exposure to the forest floor is minimal and became silent, when chimpanzees were close. They moved away silently through the canopy, when chimpanzees were still at some distance. However, if a group of diana monkeys was nearby in the latter situation, red colobus sought their presence even if they had to move towards the chimpanzees. Chimpanzees refrained from hunting associated red colobus groups, probably because diana monkeys are excellent sentinels for predators approaching over the forest floor. Thus several elements of both the predator's and the prey's strategies correspond to each other. Finally, we compared the interactions between the two species in Taï and in Gombe, Tanzania. We suggest that the difference in size ratio between the two species at the two sites and adaptation of hunting techniques and of escape modes to different forest structures can explain why Gombe red colobus attack chimpanzees while Taï red colobus try to escape. We conclude that predator-prey interactions can indeed lead to evolutionary arms races, with the specific form of co-adaptations depending on environmental factors. 相似文献
127.
Ronald Fuge Nicholas J. G. Pearce William T. Perkins 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1992,14(1):15-18
Aluminium in water supplies derives from natural sources and from the use of Al2(SO4)3 in water treatment. Heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd can be added to water from pipework and solder. However, it is apparent that AI and other metals in potable waters can derive from deposits on pipe walls which can be subsequently mobilised when the supply and/or treatment process is changed. Concentrations of Al in domestic supply water of the Llanbrynmair area have been shown to increase from 1 g to 50 g L–1 during its 18 km journey along the water main. Similarly, Pb concentrations in a public building in the Aberystwyth area are found to be extremely elevated due to the metal's mobilisation from encrustations occurring on the copper pipework. 相似文献
128.
129.
Citizens from two communities were questioned regarding the sources from which they have previously obtained information about
environmental hazards and their preferences for different communication channels. Three ethnic groups—whites, blacks, and
Mexican-Americans—were represented among those questioned. While all three ethnic groups described similar patterns of past
information receipt, it was found that Mexican-Americans obtained more information through social network contacts than whites
or blacks. Ethnic differentials emerged when citizens were asked about preferred sources for information receipt. While radio
was identified as desirable by all three groups, only minority citizens expressed a preference for local television as a dissemination
mode and only Mexican-Americans favored neighborhood meetings. Mailed dissemination and newspapers were preferred primarily
by whites and blacks. The implications of the results for the conduct of hazard information dissemination are examined. 相似文献
130.