微生物-光-电化学耦合技术降解污染物和回收能源的研究进展

微生物电化学技术能同时实现污染物去除和能量回收,但存在污染物去除种类有限及产能效率低的局限,近几年将可再生的太阳能引入微生物电化学技术的微生物-光-电化学耦合技术应运而生。本文简要介绍了微生物-光-电化学耦合技术的发展背景和研究现状,对该技术现有的耦合形式进行分类,并对各种形式的耦合机理进行详细的阐释,最后对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

Preparation and Characterization of Xylan Derivatives and Their Blends

Although hemicellulose is found widely in nature, it is currently under-utilized as a raw material for commercial applications. It would be desirable to find new uses for hemicellulose in order to add value to this agro-based material. A common type of hemicellulose is xylan, which is found in a number of wood species and in cotton. In this work we prepared cationic and anionic xylan derivatives and characterized them by ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermal analysis, and rheology. In particular, the ¹³C NMR spectra of carboxymethyl xylan (CMX) and quaternary ammonium-adducted xylan (QAX) were fully assigned with the help of samples with different degrees of substitution. SEC indicated that the beechwood xylan showed a bimodal molecular weight distribution, but with derivatization the distribution tended to become unimodal. Thermal analysis and rheology studies did not uncover any surprises; the solution of xylan and its derivatives exhibited mostly Newtonian behavior. The blends of CMX and QAX produced a precipitate at almost all ratios, indicating the formation of a polyelectrolyte complex. When cationic and anionic xylan samples were added together to paper, the paper dry strength increased. Thus, the combination of cationic/anionic xylan may be of interest in selected applications.     

A panel study on the relationship between biofuels production and sustainable development

Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources on which policy makers are greatly dependent on since it is a flexible feedstock capable of conversion into electricity, transport liquid fuels and heat by chemical and biological processes on demand. Though numerous publications have examined the relationship of economic growth with renewable energy and other parameters, biomass energy has never been included in these studies. Then, this study examines the causal relationship within a multivariate panel cointegration/error correction framework which combines the cross-section and time series data while allowing for heterogeneity across different provinces. After employing panel data regression model ranging from 2003 through 2012 to examine the relationships of biofuels production with sustainable development in China, the paper concludes that the development of biofuel energy production integrated with the consideration of the improvement of income per capita, and the attraction of more capital investment, does make a significant contribution to economic growth. However, some negative side effects including the increase of greenhouse emissions and the decrease of marginal land still coexist with the economic development. Of course, the importance of these findings lies on their implications and their adoption on strategic policies.     

Optimizing mixture properties of biodiesel production using genetic algorithm-based evolutionary support vector machine

Nowadays, biodiesel is used as one of the alternative renewable energy due to the increasing energy demand. However, optimum production of biodiesel still requires a huge number of expensive and time-consuming laboratory tests. To address the problem, this research develops a novel Genetic Algorithm-based Evolutionary Support Vector Machine (GA-ESIM). The GA-ESIM is an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based tool that combines K-means Chaotic Genetic Algorithm (KCGA) and Evolutionary Support Vector Machine Inference Model (ESIM). The ESIM is utilized as a supervised learning technique to establish a highly accurate prediction model between the input--output of biodiesel mixture properties; and the KCGA is used to perform the simulation to obtain the optimum mixture properties based on the prediction model. A real biodiesel experimental data is provided to validate the GA-ESIM performance. Our simulation results demonstrate that the GA-ESIM establishes a prediction model with better accuracy than other AI-based tool and thus obtains the mixture properties with the biodiesel yield of 99.9%, higher than the best experimental data record, 97.4%.     

西昌高原鳅人工繁殖技术研究

对西昌高原鳅(Triplophysa xichangensis)人工繁殖中的催产药物及其剂量、受精方式、孵化方法和仔鱼水花培育方法等一系列关键技术进行了详细研究。结果表明,对性腺发育至Ⅳ+~Ⅳ++期的雌鱼分二次注射LRH-A2 0.1μg/g(鱼体重)和HCG 20 IU/g(鱼体重),雄鱼剂量减半,注射量0.1 mL,能很好地促进雌雄鱼发情并产卵排精,在水温19±0.5℃时的效应时间为30.5~31 h;在一个特制的塑料盆中完成了亲鱼培育、打针催产、发情、自然产卵受精、孵化以及仔鱼培育等全部人工繁殖过程,受精率、孵化率和仔鱼水花培育20 d的成活率平均分别为97.2%、85%和85%。本研究成果可应用于西昌高原鳅规模化繁育,对长江上游鱼类生物多样性保护有着积极意义。     

Automated data analysis to rapidly derive and communicate ecological insights from satellite-tag data: A case study of reintroduced red kites

Analysis of satellite-telemetry data mostly occurs long after it has been collected, due to the time and effort needed to collate and interpret such material. Delayed reporting reduces the usefulness of such data for nature conservation where timely information about animal movements is required. To counter this problem, we present a novel approach which combines automated analysis of satellite-telemetry data with rapid communication of insights derived from such data. A relatively simple algorithm (based on radial and angular velocity calculated from fixes) allowed instantaneous detection of excursions away from settlement areas and automated calculation of home ranges on the remaining data. Automating the detection of both excursions and home-range calculations enabled us to disseminate ecological insights from satellite-tag data instantaneously through a dedicated web portal. The automated analysis, interpretation, and communication of satellite-tag and other ecological data offer clear benefits to nature conservation research and practice.     

改性糠醛渣吸附脱硫废水中钙离子

石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫技术中石灰石利用率低导致钙流失严重,为实现脱硫废水中Ca2+的资源化利用,进行糠醛渣改性和Ca2+的吸附特性研究。实验结果表明,利用H3PO4改性后的糠醛渣对脱硫废水中Ca2+具有较高的吸附率;在振荡的前30 min吸附率上升极快,至90 min时基本达到平衡吸附量;对Ca2+浓度对吸附率影响研究结果表明,平衡吸附量与平衡浓度关系符合Langmuir等温吸附方程;在初始Ca2+浓度为300 mg/L的溶液中加入3 g吸附剂,温度30℃条件下振荡90 min,平衡吸附量为8.41 mg/g。     

光照条件对跑道池光生物反应器内蛋白核小球藻生长特性的影响

本文采用多孔曝气管的曝气方式,以蠕动泵为藻液循环的动力,研究了气体流量、光照强度、光照周期等因素对跑道池光生物反应器内蛋白核小球藻生长与代谢特性的影响,并利用傅里叶红外光谱半定量法对不同光照条件下藻细胞内蛋白质、油脂以及多糖含量变化进行了分析。研究结果表明,适当的气体流量、光照强度和光照周期有利于跑道池内蛋白核小球藻细胞的生长和代谢。在本实验条件下,在最佳气体流量2 000 m L/min条件下,光照强度为3 500μW/cm2,光照周期为16∶8时最有利于蛋白核小球藻的生长;光照强度为2 000μW/cm2和光照周期为16∶8的条件均有利于藻细胞内油脂的积累。     

不同培养条件下锰过氧化物酶(MnP)的合成及其对甲基橙的降解

高效、大规模、低成本合成木质素降解酶是直接采用其降解难降解有机污染物所必须解决的问题.对锰过氧化物酶(MnP)降解甲基橙和在非灭菌的反应器中连续合成MnP的可行性进行考察.结果表明,在采用2 mmol H2O2和1.5 mmol MnSO4的降解体系中,获最大脱色效果,且100、200和300 U/L的MnP可在8h内将甲基橙分别脱色18％、23％和35％;在非灭菌的反应器水平上实现了固定化培养的P.chrysosporium连续23 d合成MnP,但MnP酶活仅为2～ 23 U/L,难以酶解甲基橙;然而,在摇瓶培养条件下固定化的P.chrysosporium合成的MnP却能达1 152 U/L.因此,直接采用MnP对污染物进行降解以及在非灭菌的反应器中持续合成MnP是可行的,但就在非灭菌条件下如何提高MnP的合成量还有待开展深入的研究.     

用膨润土处理油田污水的研究进展

介绍了膨润土的基本特性及其存油田污水处理中的研究情况。天然膨润土经改性后,可吸附去除油田污水中的油、烃类衍生物、注聚残留聚合物及表面活性剂;负载金属氧化物的改性膨润土可对光催化氧化产生协同效应,提高光催化氧化油田污水中有机物的能力;在高压下将膨润土制成薄膜,对油田污水中的无机离了有一定的截留去除作用。