自然保护区生态旅游可持续发展的制约与突破——以四川省为例

自然保护区是我国自然生态旅游重要且独特的载体。自然保护区旅游要服从于资源保护的首要目标,追求旅游活动与保护区的保护、科研、教育等多元功能的协调。目前自然保护区旅游产业发展中出现了一系列问题,而解决这些问题需要自然保护区练内功、引外力,提升旅游经营和管理的市场化、专业化水准,也需要解决行业标准、管理体制和市场培育等问题。以四川省自然保护区的旅游发展为例,分析了自然保护区旅游可持续发展的制约因素及其对策。     

发展有机食品 拓展新的经济增长点

青海省具有发展有机食品的天然优势,有机食品市场需求旺盛,随着人们对食品安全的日益关注,有机农业在世界范围内得到了快速发展。有机农业采用与环境高度协调的生产方式,禁止使用农用化学品,对于环境保护、人体健康和农业可持续发展意义重大,促进有机食品产业发展,将成为青海新的经济增长点。     

Effects of pig manure compost and nonionic-surfactant Tween 80 on phenanthrene and pyrene removal from soil vegetated with Agropyron elongatum

This paper evaluates the effects of pig manure compost (PMC) and Tween 80 on the removal of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) from soil cultivated with Agropyron elongatum. Soils spiked with about 300mgkg(-1) of PHE and PYR were individually amended with 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% (dry wt) of PMC or 0, 20 and 100mgkg(-1) of Tween 80. Unplanted and sterile microcosms were prepared as the controls. PAH concentration, total organic matter (TOM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total heterotrophic and PAH degrading microbial populations in soil were quantified before and after 60d period. The results indicated that A. elongatum could significantly enhance PYR removal (from 46% to 61%) but had less impact on PHE removal (from 96% to 97%). Plant uptake of the PAHs was insignificant. Biodegradation was the key mechanism of PAH removals (<3% losses in the sterile control). Increase in PMC or Tween 80 levels increased the removal of PYR but not of PHE. Maximal PYR removal of 79% and 92% were observed in vegetated soil receiving 100mgkg(-1) Tween 80 and 7.5% PMC, respectively. Enhanced PYR removal in soil receiving PMC could be explained by the elevated levels of DOC, TOM and microbial populations as suggested by Pearson correlation test. While the positive effect of Tween 80 on PYR removal could probably due to its capacities to enhance PYR bioavailability in soil. This paper suggests that the addition of either PMC or nonionic-surfactant Tween 80 could facilitate phytoremediation of PAH contaminated soil.     

炭催化剂吸附剂标准物质的研制

本文介绍了炭催化剂吸附剂标准物质的研制过程。对标准物质的制备技术、均匀性检验、稳定性考察及定值和不确定度进行了逐项分析。采用活性炭浸渍、煅烧技术制得炭催化剂吸附剂标准物质。试验结果表明,该标准物质定值结果准确,均匀性、稳定性良好。铜含量的标准值为11．06％,扩展不确定度为0．13％。     

一种湿度计的校准方法——测量不确定度分析校准法

本文提出了校准湿度计的一种新方法一测量不确定度分析校准法,以利用5121湿度发生器校准可输出（0-5）V的湿度传感器的基本误差为例,介绍了其校准方法确定了该方法校准湿度计的置信度和准确葭：     

湿度传感器在防护性能检测中动态湿度的测量方法

1引言 防护装备在核、生、化环境下起着防放射性灰尘、防生物细菌和防化学毒剂的作用。防护装备的防护性能检测准确与否。直接影响着防护装备产品的质量乃至使用者的生命安全。防护装备的防护性能受湿度的影响很大,以前,在防护装备的防护性能检测过程中是利用干、湿球温度计来检测测试管路中的湿度。     

Application of MSWI fly ash on acid soil and its effect on the environment

This study evaluated the feasibility of using municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash as acid soil amendment. In particular, changes in soil physicochemical properties and the potential environmental problems caused by the application of MSWI fly ash were investigated. The results showed that application of MSWI fly ash to the acid soil could raise the soil pH. The contents of rapidly available P and K, and slowly available K in the amended soil had a linear relationship with the addition ratio of MSWI fly ash. An addition of less than 20% of MSWI could raise the soil respiratory intensity after incubation for 3-5 days. Application of MSWI fly ash to the soil increased its content of water soluble salts and heavy metals, which could cause phytotoxicity in the plants. Therefore, the addition of MSWI fly ash to the soil should not be excessive, and less than 5-10% is an advisable addition level depending on the acidity of the soil and the plants growing on it.     

Numerical simulation of hydrogen–air detonation for damage assessment in realistic accident scenarios

An accidental hydrogen release within an equipment enclosure may result in the presence of detonable mixture in a confined environment. From a safety standpoint, it is then useful to assess the potential for damage. In that context, numerical simulation of the sequence of events subsequent to detonative ignition provides a useful tool, although with obvious limitations. This article describes the procedure, summarizes two case studies, and reviews the limitations. First, a hydrogen dispersion pattern is obtained from numerical simulation of dispersion, using a commercial package designed primarily for incompressible flow. This dispersion cloud is then used as the initial condition in an inviscid, compressible, reactive flow simulation. To force detonative ignition, a sufficiently large amount of energy is deposited in a small region that corresponds to the ignition location. Chemistry is modeled using a single step Arrhenius model. Because the wave thickness is small compared with the computational domain, a fine mesh is needed, limiting the practicality of the process to two-dimensional geometries. This is the most significant limitation; it is conservative. The two cases described in the paper include an electrolyzer, in which a small release occurs, leading potentially to some damage to the enclosure, and a reformer, in which the consequences are potentially more serious.