Use of historical and contemporary distribution of mammals in China to inform conservation

A systematic understanding of dynamic animal extinction trajectories for different regions in a nation like China is critically important to developing practical conservation strategies. We explored historical and contemporary changes in terrestrial mammalian diversity to determine how diversity in each of the 5 regions in China has changed over time and to examine the conservation potential of these regions. We used records from databases on Pleistocene mammalian fossils and historical distribution records (1175–2020) for Primates (as a case study) to reconstruct evolutionary and historical distribution trajectories of the 11 orders of terrestrial mammals and to predict their prospective survival based on the national conservation strategy applied. The results indicated that since the Pleistocene, 4–5 mammalian orders have been lost in the northeast, 3 in central China, 2 along the coast, and 1 in the northwest. In the southwest, all 11 orders were maintained. Contemporarily, the coast and southwest had the highest and second-highest species densities. The southwest region and southeastern sections of the northwest region were the most historically and contemporarily diverse areas, which suggests that they should be the first priority for protected area (PA) designation. The central and coastal areas should be secondarily prioritized. In these 2 regions, conservation should focus on human coexistence with nature. Less attention should be paid to the PA in the northeast and western northwest because in these areas ecosystems are depauperate and the climate is harsh. Conservation in these areas should focus principally on avoiding further human encroachment on natural areas. Article impact statement: Historical and contemporary patterns of extinction can be a basis for mammalian conservation strategies.     

Full-scale blending treatment of fresh MSWI leachate with municipal wastewater in a wastewater treatment plant

Fresh leachate, generated in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants, contains various pollutants with extremely high strength organics, which usually requires expensive and complex treatment processes. This study investigated the feasibility of blending treatment of MSWI leachate with municipal wastewater. Fresh MSWI leachate was pretreated by coagulation–flocculation with FeCl₃ 2 g/L and CaO 25 g/L, plate-and-frame filter press, followed by ammonia stripping at pH above 12. After that, blending treatment was carried out in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for approximately 3 months. Different operational modes consisting of different pretreated leachate and methanol addition levels were tested, and their performances were evaluated. Results showed that throughout the experimental period, monitored parameters in the WWTP effluent, including COD (<60 mg/L), BOD₅ (<20 mg/L), ammonium (<8 mg/L), phosphorus (<1.5 mg/L) and heavy metals, generally complied with the Chinese sewage discharged standard. Under the experimental conditions, a certain amount of methanol was needed to fulfill TN removal. An estimation of the operation cost revealed that the expenditure of blending treatment was much lower than the total costs of respective treatment of MSWI leachate and municipal wastewater. The outcomes indicated that blending treatment could not only improve the treatability of the MSWI leachate, but also reduce the treatment cost of the two different wastewaters.     

含阶梯结构的高层楼梯井内烟气湍流及输运特征量的全局敏感性分析

高层建筑竖井火灾中影响因素众多,并且各因素对高层楼梯井火灾中重要现象、关键数值等的影响大小不一,使得此类火灾中的实验或理论研究成本较高。通过建立全局敏感性分析平台,定量考察了高层楼梯井结构所涉及因素的影响大小,并能够方便地筛选掉对所考察量影响较小的因素,以降低实验或计算成本。使用数值模拟方法,通过CFD软件对包含阶梯几何框架的高层楼梯井结构火灾进行了共计60次工况计算。并且根据计算结果,使用全局参数敏感性分析方法,得出建筑尺寸、热释放速率、环境参数对高层楼梯井内烟气湍流特性及输运特性的敏感性排序。结果表明,火源热释放速率对各输出参数的影响均占38%以上。     

广州市环境监测管理信息化建设中若干问题探讨

以广州市环境监测中心站推进信息化的实践为例，重点对环境监测管理信息化规划、开发和应用3个环节所涉及的信息化进程路线、应用系统开发的需求分析和推广应用等问题进行了一些探讨，提出切合自身的解决思路或办法。     

2001-2010年三江源区草地净生态系统生产力估算

三江源区位于青藏高原腹地,是我国长江、黄河、澜沧江三大河流的发源地.为了准确估算该地区草地生态系统的净生态系统生产力,收集整理了2001—2010年青藏高原10个通量观测站点的观测数据,构建了三江源区草地生态系统NEP（net ecosystem production,净生态系统生产力）估算模型,并在站点尺度进行了模型参数化和精度验证;结合区域尺度气象和遥感数据,估算了三江源区草地生态系统NEP.结果表明:① 2001—2010年三江源区草地生态系统多年平均NEP空间分布具有明显的空间异质性,大部分地区表现为碳汇,NEP（以C计）平均值为41.8 g/（m2·a）.② 三江源区草地生态系统NEP呈波动增加趋势,从2001年的20.0 g/（m2·a）增至2010年的82.5 g/（m2·a）;除2002年表现为弱碳源外,其余年份均表现为碳汇,并以2010年碳汇能力为最强.③ 2001—2010年三江源区草地生态系统NEP平均年增长率为5.4 g/m2;NEP年际变化率空间分布显示,大部分地区NEP呈增加趋势,仅有东南部和中部部分区域NEP呈下降趋势.研究显示,2001—2010年三江源区草地生态系统表现为碳汇,并且由于气候的暖湿化趋势,碳汇强度总体表现为增强.      

不同主体功能定位的县域空间功能区划研究

文章通过判别分析法,尝试构建一套针对不同主体功能定位县通用的指标体系,以反映社会经济发展状况、生态环境保护重要性、国土空间开发支撑条件。通过在广西10个不同主体功能定位县的实践应用,将县域空间划分为城镇空间、农业空间和生态空间,重点开发区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区的城镇空间分别小于30%、20%和10%,农产品主产区的农业空间和重点生态功能区的生态空间均大于50%。研究成果为全省范围推广县域空间功能区划提供了科学依据。     

碳排放影响因子与碳足迹文献综述:基于研究方法视角

从研究方法的角度出发,对近年来国内外碳排放影响因子及碳足迹的相关研究进行文献综述。根据碳排放影响因子的研究方法—情景分析法、因素分解法中的指数分解法以及其他计量模型,介绍了国内外关于碳排放影响因子的研究现状,最后对方法进行归类和对比。根据碳足迹研究方法—投入产出法、生命周期评价法、IPCC法以及其他模型,分析了国内外关于碳足迹的研究进展。最后通过总结,对碳排放和碳足迹的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

广西壮族自治区污水处理厂运行状况及特征分析

基于广西壮族自治区126座污水处理厂2015年运行状况的调查数据,分析广西污水处理厂的工艺特点、污泥处置、出水水质达标情况、运行负荷率和运行费用,评估污水处理厂运行的效率和效果,分析存在的问题,并就污水处理厂的运行和管理提出建议。