Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characterization of soil dissolved organic matters in the fluctuating water-level zone of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the fluorescent properties of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Most of the soil DOM analyzed in this study was found to contain four fluorescence peaks. Peaks A and C represent humic-like fluorescence, whereas peaks B and D represent tryptophan-like fluorescence. Peaks E and F, which represent tyrosine-like fluorescence, only appeared in certain soils. Soil humus was the main source of DOM in soil, and higher concentration of soil DOM was found in the exposed soil than submerged soil. Compared to the peaks A and B, the fluorescence intensities of peaks C and D were strongly influenced by the fluctuating water level. Analysis of fluorescence intensities of different peaks in soil DOM showed that WLFZ soil was not contaminated significantly. Soil DOM contained at least two types of humic-like fluorescence groups and two types of protein-like fluorescence groups. The proportion of the content of peak A in soil organic matter was quite stable. The soil DOM in exposed soil had relatively high humification and aromaticity, and periodic submerging and exposure of soil had an impact on the humification of soil DOM.     

“三软”煤层综放工作面综合防尘技术试验研究

以典型工作面为例研究了煤体注水、自动喷雾、磁化水喷雾、化学防尘等综合防尘技术在“三软”煤层综采放顶煤工作面的实施方法,并对应用中遇到的一些理论问题进行了探讨     

BP神经网络在降水酸度预测中的应用

本文利用南昌市城市大气中SO2、NOX、TSP等浓度数据及降尘数据建立了BP神经网络的降雨酸度预测模型，结果表明：BP神经网络的预测模型不仅能较好地反映致酸因素与降水酸度的相互关系，而且预测精度也高于多元回归等模型。     

Distribution characteristics of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River Delta

In this work, a method was developed and optimized for the analysis of polyfluoroalkyl and/or perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) content in surface water and sediment samples with high instrumental response and good separation. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) to analyze the distribution characteristics of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids(PFSAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids(PFPAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids(PFPiAs), and polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters(di PAPs). The results showed that the total concentrations of PFCAs and PFSAs in YRD varied from 31 to 902 ng/L. PFCAs(≥ 11 carbons) and PFSAs(≥ 10 carbons atoms) were not detected in any surface water samples. The mean concentrations of all PFCAs and PFSAs in surface water from the sampling areas decreased in the following order:Yangtze river(191 ng/L) ≈ Taihu lake(189 ng/L) Huangpu river(122 ng/L) ≈ Qiantang river(120 ng/L) Jiaxing urban river(100 ng/L). Strong significant(p 0.05) correlations between the concentrations of many of the compounds were found in the sampling areas, suggesting a common source for these compounds. Only perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) was observed in all sediment samples, at concentrations varying from 0.02 to 1.35 ng/g. Finally, detection rates of two di PAPs were only 8% and 10%, respectively and the concentration of di PAPs was two to three times lower compared to PFCAs and PFSAs.     

Integrating landscape ecological principles and land evaluation forsustainable land use

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大蒜加工废水的活性污泥培养驯化研究

试验选用生活污水处理厂、化肥厂、友谊河的活性污泥作为菌种进行培养实验,培养过程中,考查温度、营养物质的添加等因素对污泥培养的影响,结果证明,大蒜废水本身有机物和其他无机物之间的比例还是比较协调的,营养物质米泔水的添加对大蒜加工废水COD的降解帮助不大.然而,温度对大蒜加工废水活性污泥的培育影响显著,从整体上看,随着温度的升高,COD去除率也增加.实验还显示经过培养,当水温为15℃时,系统的沉降性能变差,出水未沉降絮体增多,并出现污泥膨胀现象,综合考虑,确定25℃为最佳培养温度.     

内蒙古自治区能源概况及各种能源产消情况分析

通过对内蒙古自治区能源概况进行调查,分析内蒙古近几年各种能源的产消情况,这对于内蒙古如何优化能源结构的调整、促进内蒙古的可持续发展有着十分重要的意义。     

自然界中铁硫化物矿物对含氯有机化合物降解作用

含氯有机化合物被广泛用于工农业生产和人们的日常生活中 ,对环境污染也日益严重。缺氧环境下对含氯有机化合物的非生物转化是自然界自我调控的过程之一 ,而广泛存在于这一环境中的铁硫化物矿物在这一过程中起着重要的作用。本文主要从反应机理角度回顾了铁硫化物矿物作为有机氯污染物主体还原剂的研究现状 ,并对进一步研究中可能存在的问题及研究重点提出了具体的建议。     

三峡工程库区巫山段干支流水质变化分析研究

文章采用巫山县环境监测站2002年到2008年监测资料,对三峡工程蓄水后库区巫山段水质进行了评价与分析。结果表明：蓄水后三峡库区长江干流巫山段总体水质良好;未受到重金属、石油类和挥发性酚类物质污染;总氮和总磷指标偏高;水体处于中营养状态水平。蓄水后一级支流总磷、总氮指标升高,水质类别上升,水质有恶化的趋势;水流变缓,气候条件和营养盐浓度适宜,在一级支流回水敏感区的部分河段爆发了“水华”,富营养化的潜在风险升高。在营养水平和气候条件相当的情况下,支流回水区常爆发“水华”而干流未出现“水华”现象,说明水动力条件是发生水体富营养化的主要诱发因子。