镜泊湖水环境容量与水污染防治对策研究

随着镜泊湖旅游业快速发展,环境压力指数化增加长,环境保护面临着巨大的挑战。针对镜泊湖水环境污染严重的状况,在水质现状评价的基础上,计算了镜泊湖高锰酸盐指数和总磷两项指标的水环境容量值,并对计算结果进行了分析。在水环境容量计算结果的基础上,结合实际情况提出了镜泊湖流域水环境保护的措施和建议,为合理有效地利用水环境容量资源和区域可持续发展提供理论支撑和对策。     

更新世黄土高原强烈侵蚀期发生的环境条件

在更新世,黄土高原经历了若干堆积-侵蚀旋回。其中黄土堆积主要发生在冷干期,而强烈土壤侵蚀发生的环境条件至今尚无统一认识,其确定对了解黄土高原地貌的演化过程和更新世侵蚀期的求得均具有重要意义。通过对比黄土高原侵蚀模数分布图与新构造运动分区图,得出侵蚀模数高值区与构造抬升强烈区并不吻合,推断黄土高原侵蚀期发生的主要原因不是构造抬升。在野外考察中,寻找了多个侵蚀面,并与邻近较为完整的黄土-古土壤剖面进行比照,发现侵蚀面主要存在于黄土层上部,其上覆的古土壤层一般保存完整,说明土壤侵蚀主要发生在黄土层,即气候由冷干向暖湿的过渡时期。这一结论为求取黄土高原第四纪侵蚀期提供了理论依据。     

Variability of soil organic carbon reservation capability between coastal salt marsh and riverside freshwater wetland in Chongming Dongtan and its microbial mechanism

Two representative zones in Chongming Dongtan which faced the Yangtze River and East China Sea respectively were selected to study the variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) reservation capability between coastal wetland and riverside wetland in the Chongming Dongtan wetland as well as its mechanism by analyzing soil characteristics and plant biomass. The results showed the SOC content of riverside wetland was only 48.61% (P = 0.000 < 0.05) that of coastal wetland. As the organic matter inputs from plant litter of the coastal wetland and riverside wetland were approximately the same, the higher soil microbial respiration (SMR) of riverside wetland led to its lower SOC reservation capability. In the riverside wetland, the high soil microbial biomass, higher proportion of β-Proteobacteria, which have strong carbon metabolism activity and the existence of some specific aerobic heterotrophic bacteria such as Bacilli and uncultured Lactococcus, were the important reasons for the higher SMR compared to the coastal wetland. There were additional differences in soil physical and chemical characteristics between the coastal wetland and riverside wetlands. Path analysis of predominant bacteria and microbial biomass showed that soil salinity influenced β-Proteobacteria and microbial biomass most negatively among these physical and chemical factors. Therefore the low salinity of the riverside area was suitable for the growth of microorganisms, especially β-Proteobacteria and some specific bacteria, which led to the high SMR and low SOC reservation capability when compared to the coastal area.     

谈地磁观测中的温度效应

地磁场各要素的绝对数值是通过基线值来确定的,而基线值又与温度相关,是一条大致随温度变化的曲线。本文选取通海、贵阳、邵阳、天水等地磁台的基线值资料,计算各分量基线值与记录室温度的相关系数,判定基线值与温度之间的相关关系,掌握在不同记录室温度条件下,温度变化对地磁基线值以及地磁观测仪器的影响程度。以供其他地磁台站新建、改造观测记录室时借鉴。     

再制造产品评价指标体系与评价方法研究

再制造产业是我国节能环保战略新兴产业的重要组成部分,对于破解经济发展的资源和环境约束具有重要意义。本文系统调研和分析了国内外再制造标准的制定、修订现状,提出了再制造产品评价的现实需求;创新性地提出了再制造产品的评价指标体系,包括定性评价指标和定量评价指标;针对我国再制造产业的发展现状和阶段,提出了具有较强适用性的评价方法。本研究将为制定相关国家标准和产业政策提供技术依据和决策参考。     

川东北复杂地形应急监测技术研究和应用

针对川东北复杂地形,设计了应急监测的系统架构和功能,研究了应急监测的关键技术,提出了利用Ad hoc网络、移动定位技术和生命体征监测技术等,可实时监测现场环境数据和现场第一应急人员的位置和生命特征参数,确保现场救援人员的生命安全,为指挥人员提供有效的信息支持.     

Screening and characterization of extremophiles in spacecraft assembly environment北大核心CSCD

Spacecrafts need to strictly control microorganisms before entering space flight. The Spacecraft Assembly, Integration, and Test Center (AITC) is an important environmental source for spacecrafts to carry microorganisms. The assembly clean room has characteristics of ventilation, dryness, and lack of nutrients that are not conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, except for extremophiles. In this study, based on the internal air and surface environment of the AITC in China, 13 strains of bacteria were identified by plate culture and 16S sequence analysis, and their extreme environmental tolerance, antibiotic resistance, and film-forming ability were tested. All these bacteria belonged to the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla, and nine strains belonged to the Bacillus genus. All 13 strains of bacteria were salt-tolerant, acid-tolerant, and alkali-tolerant, and 69.2% of the bacteria survived heat shock at 80 ℃. Among these, one strain of Sphingomonas sp. JCM7513 isolated from the surface environment was insensitive to all the tested antibiotics and had strong drug resistance, while the other 12 strains were sensitive to most β-lactam antibiotics but had strong resistance to tetracyclic antibiotics and erythromycin. Most of the isolated bacteria exhibited strong biofilm-forming abilities. The study showed that there are a certain number of extremophiles in the spacecraft assembly environment. To protect spacecrafts from biological corrosion and planetary protection forward pollution, more effective monitoring and elimination methods are needed. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Spatial spillover effects of urbanization on carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To achieve a win–win situation for both urbanization and carbon emissions reduction from a spatiotemporal perspective, we need to identify the...     

东部平原矿区复垦土壤微生物群落特征及其组装过程

复垦对恢复矿区土壤生产力极为重要,但复垦土壤生产力重建的微生物学机制尚不清晰.为此,采集复垦8 a、复垦11 a、复垦14 a和复垦17 a这4个复垦时长和1个未复垦对照共75个表层土样进行16S rRNA扩增子高通量测序,分析微生物群落组成、潜在功能及其组装机制.结果表明：(1)群落丰富度随复垦时间增加而增加,且高于对照样.但群落多样性和均匀度却随复垦时间增加而降低(P<0.05);(2)复垦土壤中酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占主导地位,且前两者相对丰度显著高于对照样(P<0.05),后两者则相反(P<0.05);(3)复垦土壤中辅酶转运与代谢、翻译、核糖体结构与生物发生等8种功能呈正向演替,随复垦时长不断增强;(4)平原矿区微生物群落生态网络模块性良好,且关键类群多属酸杆菌门和拟杆菌门.群落组装以确定性过程为主导,同质性选择贡献最大,主要受当地特殊环境操控.这些发现为改善复垦土壤生产力和生态服务提供了理论依据.     

广州市地铁一号线振动传播对环境影响的测定与分析

通过对广州地铁一号线沿线地上66个截面，地下10个截面的振动测试，对不同的隧道截面形状给出不同的地表面振动传播公式，公式表明地面振动Z振级由振源振动，地质条件，列车运行速度，轨道平面曲率半径及测点至隧道侧壁距离等因素决定。