强磁粉协同作用预处理垃圾渗滤液

研究了强磁粉(Fe3O4)与无机混凝剂Al2(SO4)3在垃圾渗滤液处理中的协同作用。结果表明:Fe3O4与Al2(SO4)3复合使用混凝效果优于单纯使用Al2(SO4)3的混凝效果。当Al2(SO4)32.0g/L,磁粉(Fe3O4)1.6g/L,搅拌强度150r/min,pH值3.0,沉降时间5min时,可使渗滤液的COD去除率达70%,混凝时的胶粒沉降速率明显加快。     

Sustainability evaluation of the Grain for Green Project: from local people's responses to ecological effectiveness in Wolong Nature Reserve

This article examines the sustainability of the Grain for Green Project in the Wolong Nature Reserve. Pertinent data were collected through a questionnaire survey and a spatial analysis of reforested lands. The study results identified four critical issues that may influence the sustainability of the project in the study area. The first issue is concerned with the project’s impacts on local sustenance. Because local grain consumption depends greatly on compensation awarded by the project, the potential for sustainability of the project is compromised. The second issue is that the project causes negative effects on local incomes in the Wolong Nature Reserve, which may undermine local economic prospects. The third issue is that the project failed to deliver suitable habitat for the giant panda, although two of the suitability requirements that deal with landform features were met. Lastly, the project neglects great differences among geographical areas in the country, providing the same compensation and length of compensation period to all participants. Appropriate compensation mechanisms should be established and adapted to local economic, environmental, and social conditions. In managing nature reserves and moving toward sustainability, ensuring all aspects of local socioeconomic and ecological/environmental issues are properly addressed is a real challenge. Based on our study, some recommendations for improving sustainability of the project are given.     

高浓度酚降解菌的选育及其降酚性能

以苯酚为唯一碳源,对活性污泥进行筛选及驯化,得到能降解高酚浓度的优势降酚菌.该混合菌在15h内将1700mg/L浓度的酚完全降解,同时使COD降至102.9mg/L,降解率达到96.9%.经分离纯化,得到4种不同的单一菌株,并对各菌株的菌属进行了初步鉴定.同时,还考察了初始酚浓度、菌投加量、温度、pH等因素对降酚菌降解COD和酚的影响.混合菌的降酚效果要优于所分离出的4种单菌株.     

典型电子垃圾拆解区大气中多溴联苯醚的污染

分别在典型电子垃圾拆解区(E)和其上风向参考点(S)采集了大气颗粒相和气相样品.以研究该区域大气中PBDEs的浓度水平、污染特征和气/固分布特点.分析过程中运用气相色谱.质谱联用仪,负化学离子源(GC-NCI-MS)检测了11种PBDEs结果表明,电子垃圾拆解造成r比较严蘑的PBDEs污染,三溴-十溴联苯醚的浓度范围为51.1～2 685 pg.m-3,(平均值830Pg.m-3),而对照区由于制衣行业的影响也造成了一定程度的PBDEs污染,三溴～十溴联苯醚的浓度范围为1.00-98.9Pg.m-3(平均值28.7 Pg.m-3).在气/固分布的研究中发现,不同的PBDEs在气相和颗粒相的分布比例相差很大,从低溴至高溴PBDEs在气相中的比例呈降低趋势,而在颗粒相中的比例呈上升趋势.电子垃圾拆解区以五溴.联苯醚污染为主,占∑11PBDEs总量的54.3%;而十溴-联苯醚污染次之,占∑11PBDEs总最的23.8%,该污染特征进一步证实了该地区电子垃圾的来源,不仅来自亚洲国家,而且还来自欧美等国家.     

蓟运河流域地表水质时空变化特征分析

通过对不同时段和不同监测点环境监测数据的对比分析 ,研究蓟运河干流地表水质的时空变化特征 .结果发现 ,在空间上 ,蓟运河干流自上游至下游 ,地表水质总体上表现为不断恶化的趋势 ;在时间上 ,除了 NH₄-N浓度有增加的趋势外 ,其它各项监测指标的浓度 ,1998年与 1995年和 1990年相比 ,没有明显的变化 .分析影响蓟运河地表水质变化的原因主要为 :土地利用结构变化 ,如耕地面积增加和林草地面积减少 ;城镇集中区大量工业废水和生活污水的排放 .     

活性艳蓝X-BR染料废水电化学脱色及其机理研究

采用电凝聚技术,对活性艳蓝X-BR模拟染料废水的电凝聚脱色过程进行研究,考察各种参数对脱色效果的影响,并对其脱色机理进行了初步分析.研究表明:采用电凝聚方法可以使活性艳蓝X-BR模拟染料废水的色度得到有效去除;处理时间、电解电压、废水初始浓度、初始pH值、搅拌强度、添加电解质浓度、极板间距等参数均对处理效果有影响,在最...     

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.     

Speciation and bioaccessibility of lead and cadmium in soil treated with metal-enriched Indian mustard leaves

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) has shown good potential for the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. However, there is little information about the speciation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals in soil during the decomposition of metal-rich Indian mustard leaves. Incubation experiments (1-, 3-, and 6-month) were carried out in Beijing and Hunan soil with metal-rich Indian mustard leaves addition (1% and 3%) and the e ects of mustard leaves addition on the speciation and bioaccessibility of heavy metals were studied. The results showed that the addition of mustard leaves led to significant increases in pH and DOC in the Hunan soil. Both 1% and 3% of mustard leaf amendment caused the percentage of the exchangeable (F1), precipitated with carbonates (F2), bound to Fe/Mn oxides (F3) and bound to organic matter (F4) fractions of Pb and Cd to increase dramatically, while the percentage of the residual fraction (F5) of Cd and Pb significantly dropped in both Beijing and Hunan soils. Mustard leaf addition caused the bioaccessibility of Pb to decrease in the gastric phase, whereas the values increased in the small intestinal phase. The Cd bioaccessibility increased with mustard leaf addition in both the gastric and small intestinal phases. In conclusion, the metal-enriched mustard leaves addition induces Pb and Cd concentrations and their mobility increasing in the Beijing and Hunan soils. Therefore, heavy metal risk in metal-enriched plant leaves should be considered in phytoremediation system in which heavy metal might be brought back to soil and changed over time.     

MOBILE汽车源排放因子计算模式研究

在盆栽条件下，研究了土壤中Ｐｂ、Ｈｇ及其相互作用对烟草叶片活性氧代谢的影响．实验结果表明：随着Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ处理浓度的增加，ＰＯＤ活性逐渐增加，ＳＯＤ开始上升后转而下降，ＣＡＴ活性逐渐下降．它既诱导了活性氧的生成，又影响活性氧清除系统对活性氧的清除能力，结果造成活性氧的产生和清除之间的不平衡，致使相关的生理生化过程紊乱，加速了叶片衰老的进程．Ｐｂ、Ｈｇ对烟草叶片抗氧化酶代谢的影响，两者之间存在着一定的协合作用．     

阿维菌素在稻田水、土壤及稻米中的残留研究

采用田间试验方法,应用HPLC法测定了阿维菌素在水稻水、土壤及稻米中的残留。结果表明：阿维菌素在稻田水、土壤及稻米中的平均添加回收率分别在85.51%～87.98%、78.57%～83.09%、82.74%～86.80%之间。阿维菌素的最小检出量为4.824×10^-10g,水、土壤、稻米中阿维菌素的最低检测浓度分别为0.001 mg/kg、0.014 mg/kg、0.01 mg/kg。该药属易分解农药（T1/2〈30 d）,按推荐使用剂量使用时收获的稻米是安全的。