硝基多环芳烃的致突变活性-结构关系研究进展

硝基多环芳烃是一类重要的具有直接致突变性的环境污染物。本文就硝基多环芳烃的致突变性、结构与致突变活性之间的关系方面的研究进展加以综合评述。     

Recent advances and perspectives towards emission inventories of mobile sources: Compilation approaches, data acquisition methods, and case studies

In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to reducing emissions from mobile sources with the dramatic growth of motor vehicle and nonroad mobile source populations. Compilation of a mobile source emission inventory is conducive to the analysis of pollution emission characteristics and the formulation of emission reduction policies. This study summarizes the latest compilation approaches and data acquisition methods for mobile source emission inventories. For motor vehicles, a high-resolution emission inventory can be developed based on a bottom-up approach with a refined traffic flow model and real-world speed-coupled emission factors. The top-down approach has advantages when dealing with macroscale vehicle emission estimation without substantial traffic flow infrastructure. For nonroad mobile sources, nonroad machinery, inland river ships, locomotives, and civil aviation aircraft, a top-down approach based on fuel consumption or power is adopted. For ocean-going ships, a bottom-up approach based on automatic identification system (AIS) data is adopted. Three typical cases are studied, including emission reduction potential, a cost-benefit model, and marine shipping emission control. Outlooks and suggestions are given on future research directions for emission inventories for mobile sources: building localized emission models and factor databases, improving the dynamic updating capability of emission inventories, establishing a database of emission factors of unconventional pollutants and greenhouse gas from mobile sources, and establishing an urban high temporal-spatial resolution volatile organic compound (VOC) evaporation emission inventory.     

热/自然交变环境下玻璃纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料模拟使役工况试验研究

目的 研究装备动力舱在热/自然交变环境下玻璃纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料性能随模拟使役工况试验时间的退化规律,提升装备动力舱热/自然交变环境效应控制水平。方法 以玻璃纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料为研究对象,以湿热、盐雾和高温试验为热/自然交变环境试验谱,以振动试验为加速因子,开展5个周期的实验室模拟使役工况加速试验,对比分析样件初始状态和每一个周期试验后的性能。结果 经模拟使役工况试验后,玻璃纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料的颜色由白色逐渐变成黄色,SiO2气凝胶含量逐渐减少,纤维元素组成变化不明显,导热系数升高,隔热性能下降,且均在4周期模拟使役工况试验后出现明显变化。结论 玻璃纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料经5个周期的模拟使役工况试验后,其常温导热系数仅为0.026 4 W/(m.K),热面温度为200 ℃时,冷面平均温度仅为68.5 ℃,热/自然交变温差为43.5 ℃,具有良好的环境适应性。     

页岩气压裂高压管汇失效风险分析及防控措施

针对大排量、高压力页岩气压裂施工作业中存在的高压管汇失效风险,分析了某公司近年来的高压管汇失效事故事件,识别出了常见的失效形式及部位,构建了基于计算流体力学的固液两相流射流模型,模拟计算了失效的破坏力和伤害范围。研究结果表明:刺漏是高压管汇最常见失效形式,弯头、三通等应力集中区是刺漏失效的高危部位; 100 MPa工况时刺漏影响范围可达100 m,离刺漏点1 m处,流体流速为260 m/s,打击压力达3.5 GPa,远超防护钢板抗剪切强度。根据风险分析及事故模拟结果,从本质安全、工艺改进、管理、信息化提升4个维度提出了防控措施,为页岩气压裂施工作业安全防控措施的制定提供了参考。     

倾斜摄影技术在化学品火灾爆炸事故调查中的应用研究

针对化学品火灾爆炸事故影响范围大、事故现场危险因素多、事故现场勘查分析困难的现状,定制研发了基于倾斜摄影技术的事故现场勘查无人机,通过优化飞行路线和建模方法,快速重构真实景三维事故现场模型.该模型可以进行事故现场物证搜集、事故影响范围测量、TNT爆炸当量计算等,提升了事故现场勘查效率.该技术已在江苏某化工公司"3·21"特大爆炸事故等多起事故中进行了应用,效果良好.倾斜摄影技术作为一种新兴的测绘技术,优势明显,应用范围日益扩大.     

高效液相色谱法测定环境空气酰胺类化合物

高效液相色谱法测定环境空气中酰胺类化合物,采用多孔玻板吸收管采集环境空气中的酰胺类化合物,吸收液经0.22μm膜过滤后,经C18色谱柱分离,采用紫外检测器检测。丙烯酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺的检出限分别为0.04μg/m3、0.000 2 mg/m3、0.000 2mg/m3（10 ml吸收液,采集15 L环境空气样品计）。高、中、低三种浓度三种酰胺类化合物的回收率区间为70.8%~90.2%,相对标准偏差范围小于9.6%。该方法操作简单,结果准确、可靠,适用于环境空气中酰胺类化合物的快速、准确监测。     

一种土工合成材料加筋土界面拉拔行为分析∗

为研究试验过程中不同位置的筋土界面拉拔行为,以补充试验测量的不足,提出了一个能够预测筋材任意位置拉力和位移的界面拉拔公式,并给出了其具体的应用和分析步骤。首先预测给定筋材长度的最大峰值拉力,然后在最大峰值拉力范围内预测给定峰值拉力的筋材有效长度,其次确定界面摩擦系数大小,最后预测沿筋材任意位置的位移变化关系。同时,对界面拉拔公式进行了参数影响分析,并将界面拉拔公式预测结果与试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明:界面摩擦系数可以间接验证界面拉拔公式的准确性,对拉拔试验结果提供一致性解释。界面拉拔公式的预测结果与拉拔试验结果吻合良好,表明了分析模型的合理性。研究成果对分析和完善筋土界面特性具有重要意义。     

Enhanced degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B by photocatalysis integrated with micro-electrolysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The microwave electrodeless lamp UV photocatalysis (MWUV) integrated with iron carbon micro-electrolysis (ME) was applied to degrade reactive...     

Efficient removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in aqueous solutions using modified water treatment residuals–sodium alginate beads

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A high-performance sorbent, modified water treatment residuals–sodium alginate beads (WTR-SA beads), was prepared through a series of salt and...