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901.
采用比较分子场分析(Co MFA)法和比较分子相似性分析(Co MSIA)法,对19种N-取代氟乙酰胺的小鼠急性毒性进行三维定量结构活性关系(3D-QSAR)的研究,模拟计算不同基团在立体场和静电场中对化合物急性毒性的影响,采用交叉验证相关系数(Q2)、非交叉验证相关系数(R2)表征模型的优劣。结果表明,Co MFA模型的交叉验证系数Q2为0.563,非交叉验证系数R2为0.992,优于二维构效关系,且其急性毒性主要由其立体场决定;单独采用立体场的Co MSIA模型预测能力最强,交叉验证系数Q2为0.767。在不同场组合的Co MSIA模型中,立体场和疏水场的贡献最大,而静电场的贡献最小。 相似文献
902.
甘肃省典型林区主要优势树种养分含量变化特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
林木养分含量是研究森林生态系统物流和能流的基础,养分分布是揭示生态系统中养分循环功能过程的一个重要参数,了解养分含量变化是合理计算植物群落内养分储量的有效途径,对合理评价植物生长潜力有重要意义。利用动态取样法重点选择祁连山、小陇山、白龙江林区的优势树种青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)、华山松(Pinus armandii Franch)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)作为研究对象,按照不同起源、不同林龄、不同部位对各树种的叶、枝、干、根进行动态取样,测定各器官N、P、K含量和土壤理化指标等,共获取24个标准地的数据。结果表明:3种乔木叶的N、P、K质量分数分别为1.26%、0.20%、0.65%;枝的分别为0.46%、0.09%、0.34%;干的分别为0.27%、0.07%、0.20%;根的分别为0.37%、0.10%、0.27%。各器官养分含量顺序为叶根枝。油松幼林龄N、P、K质量分数分别为0.62%、0.22%、1.08%;中幼林分别为1.24%、0.18%、1.62%;近熟林分别为0.85%、0.26%、1.08%;成熟林分别为0.77%、0.15%、1.04%;过熟林分别为0.70%、0.17%、0.70%,不同林龄养分含量顺序表现为中幼林近熟林成熟林幼林龄过熟林。油松天然林叶中含N量最高,为0.39%;根中含P量最低,为0.03%;人工林叶中含K量最高,为0.75%,干中含P量最低,为0.04%。华山松天然林叶中含N量最高,为1.61%;干中含K量最低,为0.10%;人工林叶中含N量最高,为1.83%;干中含K最低,为0.09%。土壤N与林木N差异不显著,具有相关性,枝N和根N较强,系数为0.84和0.97;土壤P、土壤K含量均显著高于林木P、K含量,是林木P、K含量的数倍,也具有相关性,相关性最强的为土壤K与叶K,系数为0.98。 相似文献
903.
904.
Immobilization of lead in anthropogenic contaminated soils using phosphates with/without oxalic acid 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Understanding the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on the immobilization of Pb(II) in contaminated soils by phosphate materials, has considerable benefits for risk assessment and remediation strategies for the soil. A series of phosphate amendments with/without oxalic acid were applied to two anthropogenic contaminated soils. We investigated the immobilization of Pb(II) by KH2PO4, phosphate rock (PR), activated phosphate rock (APR) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) at different phosphate:Pb (P:Pb) molar ratios (0, 0.6, 2.0 and 4.0) in the presence/absence of 50 mmol oxalic acid/kg soil, respectively. The effects of treatments were evaluated using single extraction with deionized water or CaCl2, Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) methods. Our results showed that the concentration of water extractable, exchangeable and TCLP-Pb all decreased with incubation time. The concentration of water-extractable Pb after 120 days was reduced by 100% when soils were amended with APR, HAP and HAP + OA, and the TCLP-Pb was < 5 mg/L for the red soil at P:Pb molar ratio 4.0.Water-soluble Pb could not be detected and the TCLP-Pb was < 5 mg/L at all treatments applied to the yellow-brown soil. BCR results indicated that APRwasmost effective, although a slight enhancement of water-soluble phosphate was detected at the P:Pbmolar ratio 4.0 at the beginning of incubation. Oxalic acid activated phosphates, and so mixing insoluble phosphates with oxalic acid may be a useful strategy to improve their effectiveness in reducing Pb bioavailability. 相似文献
905.
Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Huaiyu Fu Mei Zheng Caiqing Yan Xiaoying Li Huiwang Gao Xiaohong Yao Zhigang Guo Yuanhang Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm weremeasured onboardby a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). The average hourly particle number (PN) was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea (SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea (NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea (BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm (ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt, and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN, respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflowonmarine environment. Variation of source types dependedmainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a. 相似文献
906.
Bu Duo Yunchen Zhang Lingdong Kong Hongbo Fu Yunjie Hu Jianmin Chen Lin Li A. Qiong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
To understand the composition and major sources of aerosol particles in Lhasa City on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), individual particles were collected from 2 February to 8 March, 2013 in Tibet University. The mean concentrations of both PM2.5 and PM10 during the sampling were 25.7 ± 21.7 and 57.2 ± 46.7 μg/m3, respectively, much lower than those of other cities in East and South Asia, but higher than those in the remote region in TP like Nam Co, indicating minor urban pollution. Combining the observations with the meteorological parameters and back trajectory analysis, it was concluded that local sources controlled the pollution during the sampling. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energydispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) was used to study 408 particles sampled on four days. Based on the EDS analysis, a total of 8 different particle categories were classified for all 408 particles, including Si-rich, Ca-rich, soot, K-rich, Fe-rich, Pb-rich, Al-rich and other particles. The dominant elements were Si, Al and Ca, which were mainly attributed to mineral dust in the earth's crust such as feldspar and clay. Fe-, Pb-, K-, Al-rich particles and soot mainly originated from anthropogenic sources like firework combustion and biomass burning during the sampling. During the sampling, the pollution mainly came from mineral dust, while the celebration ceremony and religious ritual produced a large quantity of anthropogenic metal-bearing particles on 9 and 25 February 2013. Cement particles also had a minor influence. The data obtained in this study can be useful for developing pollution control strategies. 相似文献
907.
Studies on the effect of the chlorine content of chlorophenols (CPs) on their adsorption from aqueous solution by mesoporous SBA-15 are important in understanding the mechanisms of CP adsorption. In this study, three CPs with different degrees of chlorine content (i.e., 2-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) were investigated. The effects of parameters such as temperature and solution pH were studied. The results showed that CP adsorption by SBA-15 increased with increasing number of chlorine substituents and depended strongly on the temperature and solution pH. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0), enthalpy change (ΔH0) and entropy change (ΔS0) were also calculated. By comparison of the adsorption coefficient of CPs with varying physical-chemical properties (size, hydrophobicity and electron density), we propose that hydrophobic interactions between CPs and the SBA-15 surface, as well as electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between oxygen of the siloxane surface of SBA-15 (e--donor) and the πup-system of the CPs (e--acceptor), were dominant adsorption mechanisms. 相似文献
908.
Life cycle assessment of mobile phone housing 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The life cycle assessment of the mobile phone housing in Motorola(China) Electronics Ltd. was carried out, in which materials flows and environmental emissions based on a basic production scheme were analyzed and assessed. In the manufacturing stage, such primary processes as polycarbonate molding and surface painting are included, whereas different surface finishing technologies like normal painting, electroplate, IMD and VDM etc. were assessed. The results showed that housing decoration plays a significant role within the housing life cycle. The most significant environmental impact from housing production is the photochemical ozone formation potential.Environmental impacts of different decoration techniques varied widely, for example, the electroplating technique is more environmentally frieodly than VDM. VDM consumes much more energy and raw material. In addition, the results of two alternative scenarios of dematerialization showed that material flow analysis and assessment is very important and valuable in selecting an environmentally friendly process. 相似文献
909.
Xiaohua Fu Qingxing Zheng Guomin Jiang Kallol Roy Lei Huang Chang Liu Kun Li Honglei Chen Xinyu Song Jianyu Chen Zhenxing Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(8):98
910.
Qian Li Zhaoyang Hou Xingyuan Huang Shuming Yang Jinfan Zhang Jingwei Fu Yu-You Li Rong Chen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(6):68