港口建设项目环境影响经济评价指标体系研究

2003年9月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》中明确规定了对建设项目环境影响进行经济损益分析。目前,国内许多港口建设项目环境影响评价工作中开展了经济分析专项,但基本上是对环保措施进行的经济分析,对环境外部性影响仅限于定性分析,因此存在指标体系不完善、不能进行经济定量分析等问题。本文针对港口建设项目环境影响的特点,提出按照实体将环境影响划分为对人体健康的影响、对人类福利的影响和对生态系统的影响三大类,并以此为基础建立了环境影响的经济评价指标体系。初探了指标的算法设计。     

Field test of best management practice pollutant removal efficiencies in Shenzhen, China

This paper presents a study on the use of best management practices (BMPs) for controlling nonpoint pollution in the Xikeng Reservoir watershed located in Shenzhen, China. A BMP treatment train design, including a pond, a wetland, and a buffer strip placed in series was implemented at the reservoir location. A separate grass swale was also constructed at the site. Low impact development (LID) BMPs, namely a planter box and bioboxes, were used at the parking lot of the reservoir’s Administration Building. Samples were collected during storm events and were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal efficiencies of both BMP systems were evaluated using the Efficiency Ratio (ER) method based on the event mean concentration (EMC) data. In summary, the pond/wetland treatment train removed 70%–90% of TSS, 20%–50% of BOD₅, and 30%–70% of TP and NH₃-N. The swale removed 50%–90% of TSS, 30%–55% of BOD₅, − 10%–35% of NH₃-N, and 25%–70% of TP. For the planter box and biobox, the ranges of removal rates were 70%–90%, 20%–50%, and 30%–70% for TSS, BOD₅, and ammonia and phosphorus, respectively.     

额济纳天然胡杨林水分利用效率动态变化研究

黑河下游的额济纳绿洲是我国西北地区重要的生态屏障,也是当地人民赖以生存的自然资源,然而由于种种原因,这片绿洲正在衰败并且有消亡的危险.胡杨是典型的潜水旱中生植物,它虽然有较强的耐大气干旱、耐盐碱能力,其生长发育与水分条件的优劣有着十分密切的关系.本文通过研究额济纳天然胡杨的叶水势、蒸腾速率、光合速率的变化规律,综合分析其水分利用效率与叶水势的相关关系,了解胡杨树体内水分运移关系,为揭示胡杨生存现状和合理利用水资源提供理论依据,为合理保护额济纳绿洲胡杨林提供科学支持.     

城区内小型加油站的消防安全对策

通过对遵义市高庄(东)加油站进行实例分析,发现加油站安全管理体制不健全,违章作业表现突出,存在消防安全隐患;结合实例分析结果,得出城区内小型加油站的消防安全对策.     

污水深度处理臭氧氧化系统工程造价分析

系统掌握污水深度处理臭氧氧化系统的工程造价构成及其影响因素对降低其工程造价具有重要意义。详细分析了臭氧发生、臭氧投加、臭氧接触反应及臭氧尾气处理等污水深度处理臭氧氧化系统4个子系统的工程造价构成及其影响因素,结果表明:臭氧发生单元的造价所占比重最大,高达60%~70%,其次是臭氧尾气破坏设备(16%~18%)和臭氧投加单元(12%~15%),臭氧接触反应设备的造价所占比重最小,约为3%~5%。影响臭氧氧化系统工程造价的主要因素除处理规模外,还有臭氧投加量、臭氧气体浓度及水力停留时间等工艺参数,其中臭氧投加量和臭氧气体浓度的影响较大。在达到处理要求的情况下,提高臭氧利用率、降低臭氧投加量以及升高臭氧气体浓度,是有效降低臭氧氧化系统工程造价的关键。     

BOD_5快速测定法

寻求BOD生化过程动力学方程,依据广泛性的、相关性很好的多组实验数据(X,Y),建立回归方程用于计算BOD5。本法仍以国标GB/T7488-1987为依据,仅以较少培养时间的BOD值推算得BOD5值。BOD5的计算值与其实测值间的相对误差<5%。     

A bathymetric study to support management plans for La Caimanera coastal lagoon,Gulf of Morrosquillo,Colombia

There are large extensions of coastal lagoons in the Colombian Caribbean. In spite of their renowned environmental and socio-economic importance, these ecosystems have been poorly evaluated. To initiate a process for understanding the biophysical features of the La Caimanera lagoon, bathymetric surveys were conducted on a 25 × 25 m grid approach. Echo sounder and GPS were used to collect the data, which was then analyzed with ArcGIS 9.2 to produce bathymetry maps. A total of 3355 data points indicated an average depth of 1.83 m (SD ± 0.55) with a range of 0.7–5.4 m. Higher and lower values were recorded within the access channel and on the western margin of the lagoon respectively, suggesting that depth distribution was probably related to the interaction of different factors. These factors include the hydrological influence of the entrance channel currents and the micro-catchments of the streams located on the southeast side, along with the possible effects of the survey course selection. Apparently, the dynamic of the streams caused sedimentation on the opposite southwest margin, affecting the environmental quality by siltation and the accumulation of organic matter. Research, monitoring programs, and new management plans are necessary to avoid the deterioration of the ecological goods and services derived from this important local ecosystem.     

马拉硫磷和百菌清胁迫下斑马鱼行为变化的研究

以马拉硫磷和百菌清为胁迫因子,本文研究了2种污染物暴露下斑马鱼行为强度的变化。首先通过急性毒性试验确定了2种农药对斑马鱼24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死浓度(LC50),其次以LC50-48 h为1个染毒单位(TU),在0.01 TU、0.1 TU、0.5 TU、1 TU、2 TU 5个条件下,本文开展了斑马鱼行为学研究。结果显示,48 h马拉硫磷暴露斑马鱼的LC50为5 mg·L~(-1),百菌清暴露斑马鱼的LC50为0.01 mg·L~(-1)。随着污染物浓度增大,综合行为强度变化幅度增大。在设置的暴露浓度下,斑马鱼的行为强度在急剧增大或减小后都出现了明显的调节适应过程,基本符合环境压力模型。通过比较在不同频率下的影响强度,马拉硫磷和百菌清暴露斑马鱼摆鳍所受影响最大。本研究提示,水质监测中可增加斑马鱼摆鳍观察指标。     

EEDs对鱼类性激素合成途径干扰作用研究进展

环境内分泌干扰物(environmental endocrine disruptors,EEDs)是一类可以改变生物体内激素的合成、释放、运输、代谢、结合、作用或清除等一系列生物过程的外源物质。性激素的生物合成需要一系列酶的参与,体内和体外研究表明,性激素合成途径中的类固醇生成酶是EEDs通过非性激素受体介导途径发挥内分泌扰乱作用的重要靶点,性激素合成途径的扰乱可能导致生物体生殖系统受损。本文综述了EEDs对鱼类性激素合成底物和类固醇生成酶的影响、信号转导机制及其生殖危害;并对性激素合成途径中促性腺激素调控机理、多种转录因子间的相互作用、不同物种间类固醇生成酶的差异以及各内分泌轴线的相互作用研究进行了展望,以期为EEDs通过非性激素受体介导途径发挥内分泌干扰效应的机制研究提供思路。     

Field test of best management practice pollutant removal efficiencies in Shenzhen, China

This paper presents a study on the use of best management practices (BMPs) for controlling nonpoint pollution in the Xikeng Reservoir watershed located in Shenzhen, China. A BMP treatment train design, including a pond, a wetland, and a buffer strip placed in series was implemented at the reservoir location. A separate grass swale was also constructed at the site. Low impact development (LID) BMPs, namely a planter box and bioboxes, were used at the parking lot of the reservoir’s Administration Building. Samples were collected during storm events and were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃—N), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal efficiencies of both BMP systems were evaluated using the Efficiency Ratio (ER) method based on the event mean concentration (EMC) data. In summary, the pond/wetland treatment train removed 70%―90% of TSS, 20%―50% of BOD₅, and 30%―70% of TP and NH₃—N. The swale removed 50%―90% of TSS, 30%―55% of BOD₅, −10%―35% of NH₃—N, and 25%―70% of TP. For the planter box and biobox, the ranges of removal rates were 70%―90%, 20%―50%, and 30%―70% for TSS, BOD₅, and ammonia and phosphorus, respectively.